The document traces the history and evolution of local government and administration in the Philippines from ancient times to present. It discusses the indigenous barangay system ruled by datus, the centralized system established by Spanish colonizers, brief periods of Filipinization and American occupation, developments under martial law, and key laws like the 1991 Local Government Code that established the current framework.
The document traces the history and evolution of local government and administration in the Philippines from ancient times to present. It discusses the indigenous barangay system ruled by datus, the centralized system established by Spanish colonizers, brief periods of Filipinization and American occupation, developments under martial law, and key laws like the 1991 Local Government Code that established the current framework.
The document traces the history and evolution of local government and administration in the Philippines from ancient times to present. It discusses the indigenous barangay system ruled by datus, the centralized system established by Spanish colonizers, brief periods of Filipinization and American occupation, developments under martial law, and key laws like the 1991 Local Government Code that established the current framework.
Administration Baranganic States • Headed by a Datu who acted as legislator, judge and executioner.
• Babaylan served religious ceremonies
/doctor/astrologer
• Panday made technological contributions
Over 300 years of Spanish Rule Colonization & Centralization • Indigenous Community organizations disintegrated • An alien system of local government was put in place • High degree of centralization in Manila, the capital, was to characterize national-local relations. • Datus became cabezas de barangay
• Pueblo – larger union of barangays
• Manila became the capital of the
centralized gov’t of colonials
• Royal Decree of 1583 – local
governments were organized (provincias, cabildos, pueblos and barrios) Brief Period of Filipinization • Aguinaldo declared independence on June 12, 1898 at Kawit, Cavite after the Spaniards left.
• Apolinario Mabini drew up a local
government plan to acquire provincial support
• At the provincial level, the chief was
elected by townheads. The Malolos Constitution During the American Occupation • Return to centralism, where local governments were to be in American - occupied areas for ease of administration. • Such were established under the direction of the Military Governor in 1899. • Pertinent laws include General Order No. 43 of 1899 and Act No. 82 and 83 of 1901. Local Gov’t in the Post-War Era • In the 1935 Constitution, Act Nos. 82 and 83 incorporated in the Administrative Code became the legal basis for local gov’t system • Congress passed several measures affecting local government • Supervision was delegated to the Dep’t of Interior, before it was abolished in 1949. Local Gov’t in the Post-War Era • One significant feature of local gov’t administration is the devolution of limited revenue- raising powers to local governments. Sources of Revenue • Taxation, including revenue allotments from national government: real property taxes, municipal or city taxes, etc. • Leasing of public utilities • Intergovernmental revenue sources, including direct national aid and assistance • Miscellaneous sources, like tuition fees and sales of bonds Local Government under Martial Law Government implemented Integrated Reorganization Plan during 1968-1970 • In effect, it created a regional delineation of 11 regions where a regional center was located in each. • Regional Development Councils were designated • Department of Local Gov’t and Community Development (DLGCD) The 1971 Con-Con • This Constitutional Convention was called to revise the antiquated 1935 constitution. • A separate article on local governance was provided in the draft Constitution, mandating Congress to enact a Local Gov’t Code. • Before IRP was passed, Marcos declared Martial Law on Sept 21, 1972. Further Developments
• The Constitution, with the President’s
imprimatur, was ratified in early 1973 by citizen’s assemblies. • Before this was done, Marcos renamed Barrios into Barangays through the Barrio Charter. • PD 826 renamed local councils into Sanggunians, and expanded membership was mandated for all such Sanggunians. Batas Pambansa 337 • Enacted the Local Gov’t Code • Included provision of criteria for creation of LGU’s based on Income and population. • The Local Gov’t Code of 1983 compiled together pertinent laws on local gov’t, provided for effective structures, and unified systems and procedures. • Such quick and sweeping reforms became confusing and reduced autonomy. The Freedom Constitution • Marcos was Ousted in February 1986 • The Aquino Gov’t drafted the Freedom Constitution while a Con-Com deliberated on a new one. • Terminated services of incumbent gov and mayors- replaced by OICs (for 2 yrs) • Then Sen. Pimentel proposed a new Local Gov’t Code, implemented 1992 as RA 7160. Republic Act 7160 • A landmark piece of legislation
• Modifies sectoral representation to
include women, agriculture and industrial workers, ethnic groups and the urban poor