GOEMETRIC TRANSFORMATION

BASIC CONCEPT OF GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION

 Geometric transformation play a central role in model
construction and viewing.
 The transformation actually convert the geometry from one
coordinate system to the other.
 Some of these concepts are Geometric trans, ,viewing in
two and three dimensions, modeling and object hierarchy ,
algorithms for removing hidden edges and surface,
shading and coloring and clipping and windowing.
 CAD/CAM commands to translate , rotate, zoom and
mirror entities are all based on geometric transformation
 Geometric trans can be used to create animated files of
geometric models.
The main types of pure transformation
 TRANSLATION
 SCALING
 REFLECTION
 ROTATION
TRANSLATION
 When every entity of a geometric model remains parallel
to its initial position, the rigid-body transformation of the
model is defined as translation.
 Translation a model implies that every point on it moves an
equal given distances in a given direction.
 Translation can be specified by a vector, a unit vector and a
distance, or two points that denote the initial and final
position of the model to be translated.
 To relate the final position vector P* of a point P to its
initial position vector P after being translated by a
vector d.
P*=f (P, transformation parameter)
P*=[T]P
P*=P + d (d is the distance P* to P)
This equation is applicable to both two and three-
dimension points can be written in a scalar form for
the three-dimension case as
x*= x + xd
y*=y + yd
z*= z + zd
 It is more efficient and useful to relate the translation
of an entity(curve, surface or solid) to its geometric
representation whether it is analytic or synthetic.
 Translating a curve does not change its tangent vector
at any of its points.
Two dimension equation of translation
P*=[x y ]
 [x’ y’]
 Three dimension equation of translation
P*=[ x y z ]
 [ x’ y’z’ ]
 [ x’’ y’’z’’]
SCALING
 Scaling is used to change , increase or decrease, the size of an
entity or a model.
 The origin coordinates would be multiplied uniformly by the
scaling factor
P*=[S]P
Where [s] is the diagonal matrix. In three dimension, it is given
by

[S]= [ Sx 0 0 ]
[ 0 Sy 0 ]
[ 0 0 Sz ]
REFLECTION OR MIRROR
 Which allows a copy of the object to be displayed while
the object is reflected about a line or a plane.
 Reflection transformation is useful in constructing
symmetric models.
 A geometric entity can be reflected through a plane , a
line ,or a point in space
P*=[M]P
Where [M] mirror matrix ia s diagonal matrix.
 [M]= [ m11 00 ] = [ +1 0 0 ]
[ o m22 0 ] = [ 0 +1 0 ]
[ 0 0 m33] = [ 0 0 +1 ]

P*=-P