URBANIZATION AND

TRANSPORT PROBLEMS,
AND ISSUES

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Urbanization
Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural
migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very
large ones.

Introduction
•Cities and towns play a vital role in promoting economic growth and
prosperity. Although less than one-third of India’s people live in cities
and towns, these areas generate over two-third of the country’s income
and account for 90% of government revenues.
• In the coming years, as India becomes more and more urbanized, urban
areas will play a critical role in sustaining high rates of economic growth.
But, economic growth momentum can be sustained if and only if cities
function efficiently - that their resources are used to maximize the cities’
contribution to national income.
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•City efficiency largely depends upon the effectiveness of its transport
systems, that is, efficacy with which people and goods are moved
throughout the city. Poor transport systems stifle economic growth and
development, and the net effect may be a loss of competitiveness in both
domestic as well as international markets.

Need of transportation:-
Lack of cleared Defined Roads hierarchy

Lack of access controlled

Inadequate traffic and Road Equipments

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 Although Indian cities have lower vehicle ownership rate, number of
vehicles per capita, than their counterparts in developed countries, they
suffer from worse congestion, delay, pollution, and accidents than cities
in the industrialized world. Transportation is needed for highly
developed and industrial nations for an easy mobility of persons and
goods.
 Transportation is help ful for strategic movement in emergency for the
defence of the country and also to maintain better law and order
TRAFFIC PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
•Although Indian cities have lower vehicle ownership rate than their
counterparts in developed countries, they suffer from worse congestion,
delay, pollution, and accidents than the cities in developed countries.
•In Kolkata, for example, average speed during peak hours in Central
Business District (CBD) area goes down as low as around 10 Km/h.
•The problem of CONGESTION AND DELAYS is not only faced by
Kolkata but also by most of the big cities which indicates both the amount
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of time and energy that are wasted and the scale of opportunity for
improvement.
• A high level of pollution is another undesirable feature of overloaded
streets. The transport crisis also takes a human toll. Statistics indicate that
traffic accidents are a primary cause of accidental deaths in the Indian
cities.

Traffic congestion

•The main reason for all these is the prevailing imbalance in modal split
besides inadequate transport infrastructure and its sub-optimal use. Public
transport systems in cities have not been able to keep speed with the rapid
and substantial increases in demand over the past few years. As a result,
people have turned towards personalized modes such as scooters,
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motorcycles, and cars and intermediate public transport modes such as
auto-rickshaws, tempos, and taxis.
•Cities cannot afford to cater only to the private vehicles and there has to
be a general recognition that policy should be designed in such a way that
reduces the need to travel by personalized modes and boosts public
transport particularly bus transport system.

Traffic Jam

File:Indian National Highway 34 - Nakashipara - Nodia

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•Use of road is more then its capacity.
•It is the condition in which road traffic is very slow, with many queues &
traffic jams.
•It is the situation in which demand of the road space exceed supply.
hence, causing various inconvenience .

•More chances of road accidents.

•Driving through traffic congestion is very tedious.
•It delays urban people in going to the place of work.
Hence increasing cost of living.
•Consume more petrol & gasoline.
•It causes pollution (noise & air).

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Role of architect in transport planning?

1. DESIGNING OF ROAD GEOMETRIC DESIGN

2. HIGHWAYS /INTERSECTION
3. PARKING FACILITIES
4. TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEMS
5. DESIGNING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR
6. PARKING AND SITE CIRCULATION

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