Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(REGULER)
HISTOLOGY DEPARTEMENT
SABBELE N. REWA
2007
INTRODUCTION
All living tissue are subject to the constant threat
of invation by disease – producing foreign
agents and microorganisms (pathogens) i.e
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and
multicellular parasites.
These organisms may multiply and destroy
functional tissue.
The immune system is part of an array of
defence systems used to combat disease.
The body must constantly protect if self from
invation by a variety of living organisms and other
foreign bodies, which may gain entry via the skin,
gut respiratory tract and other routes.
This protection is provided by the following three
mechanisms :
1. Surface protection
2. Acute inflammatory
3. Immune response
The non specific mechanisms of surface protection
are provided by keratin in the skin, mucus in the
respiratory and alimentary tract and by an acid
environment in the vagina.
Immunology System
* Schedule of immunology system include
1. Introduction
2. Structure & Function of Lymphoid Organs
3. Structure & Function of T.lymphocytes
4. Structure & Function of B.lymphocytes
5. Immune System
6. Immune Mechanisms
7. Antigen & Antibodi
8. Immune Mediator Response
9. Immunology of Infection Diseases
10. Hypersensitivity
11. Primary & Acquired Immune Defeciency
12. Immune Defect on Reproductive System
13. Transplantation & Tumor Immunology,
Autoimmunity
14. Therapeutic Modulties
15. Laboratory Examination
16. Food Allergy
17. Immune Response to Parasite Infection
18. Bronchial Asthma
19. Immunozation
20. Vasculitis
21. Immune Reaction to Dermal Disease
22. Nasal Allergy
Sejarah Perkembangan Imunologi
I. Tahap Emperik
A. Mitridates Eupatoris VI Raja Pontis Yunani (132-63 sm).
▪ Ahli Imunologi pertama di dunia
▪ Minum racun sedikit demi sedikit mitridatisme
B. Variolasi
▪ Oleskan cairan penderita cacar yang ringan pada
orang sehat
▪ Oleskan kerak kulit penderita cacar yang ringan pada
orang sehat.
▪ Campur penderita cacar dan orang sehat
▪ Sengaja menggores kulit kemudian dibubuhi bubuk
dari penderita cacar yang tidak parah.
· Cina (abad XII)
· Timur tengah (abad XVIII)
· U.K. (1721)
C. Vaccinasi :
▪ Cacar sapi ditularkan ke manusia
▪ Dasarnya : pemerah susu sapi yg terjangkit
cacar bebas dari penyakit cacar.
▪ Sapi = Vacca
(Dr. Edwar Jenner, 1749-1823)
- Aliran lymfe
▪ Vasa afferen capsula fibrosa sinus marginalis sinus
trabekularis sinus medullaris hilus vasa
efferent
- Fungsi limfonodus
1. Menyaring limfe
2. Membentuk antibodi
3. Membentuk limfosit
4. Membatasi penyebaran sel tumor
Antigen Tubuh
Limfosit B Antibodi
T. Helper
SPLEEN
= LIEN
= LIMPA
ө Adalah organ limfoid yang besar
ө Terdapat pada abdomen kiri atas
ө Menerima banyak darah dari arteri lienalis
ө Menyalurkan darah ke dalam sistem portal
hepar melalui vena lienalis
ө Secara makroskopis lien berisi nodulus
putih (=white pulp = pulpa alba) terbenam
ke dalam pulpa merah (=red pulp)
ө Mengandung :
1. Capsula :
- Jaringan reticulin
- Jaringan fibreus
- Jaringan elastis
- Jaringan otot polos
2. Pulpa putih = pulpa alba = follikel
= corpus malpighi
Terdapat :
- B. cells
- Germinal centre
- PALS (Peri Arteriolair Lymphoid Sheats) berisi
“T” cells
- Arteri centralis (= A. follikularis)
3. Pulpa merah = red pulp
Terdapat :
- Sinus-sinus
- Plasma cells
- Macrophages
- Erithrocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Antibodies
- Berjenis-jenis pembuluh darah
4. Trabekel :
- Bagian capsula yang masuk ke
dalam substansi lien
- Mengandung komposisi seperti
capsula lien.
ө Vaskularisasi dalam lien :
Arteri lienalis = splenic artery
Arteri trabekularis
Arteri penicilia
Hulsen artery
Capiler
Sinus
Stigma malpighi
Vena trabekularis
Medulla
V.Innominata kiri
V. Thyroidea
MALT
- Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
- Adalah organ immune yang terluas merupakan
barrier antara bagian dalam dan bagian luar dari
tubuh.
Natural Adaptive
(non specific) (specific)
Endocytosis
Lysis
C. Inflammatory Reaction
. Histamin Release Caused :
- Capillary permeability
- Leucocytes migration
D. Ag Presentation :
. Macrophage Endocytosis
. Denaturation
. Proteolysis
. The Ag will be a small fragment
To presentation in surface
membrane cell
. The Ag will be change their configuration
T. proliferation
S.S.L.C
Lymphokine
Stimulated B.cell
B.cell proliferation
B.cell differentiation
Antibody Production
II. Celluler Immune Response
A. T.lymphocytes SSLC
Lymphokine
Lysis the Ag
B. Cytotoxic/Cytolytic T.cell lysis of the
Ag/microorganisms
C. T.lymphocytes activation
. TC production perforin cell
membrane
damage
granula enzim kill
micro
organisms
. To kill cell through :
1. Attach to target cell
2. Vesicle content (granule, perforin, TNF,
lymphotoxin, NK cytotoxic factor caused
the target cell damage.
3. End stage cell will be dead
D. Natural killer (NK) cell
Θ Can kill . Tumour cell
. Virus infected cell
Θ NK cell interferon prevent viral cell
IL3 T.cell production
Θ NK cell cytolysin lysis of the tumour cell
E. ADCC : Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity
Θ Target cell coated by Antibody
NK cell
Lysis the target cell
F. Activated macrophage :
Θ macrophage involved all of the stage of the
immune response
Θ macrophage to catch of the Ag
Process
Attach to MHCII
Chemotaxis
Θ Macrophage influence by MAF
Θ Macrophage function
1. Lymphocyte activation
2. Microcidal
3. Tumourcidal
4. Damage of the tissue
5. Inflammatory reaction
References :
1. Bratawidjaya Karnen G : Imunologi
Dasar Edit 4, p.3-21, Fak. Kedokteran
Universitas Indonesia 2000.
2. Kerr, J.B : Atlast Functional Histology,
p. 185-203, Monash University
Melbourne Australia 1998.
3. Kresno, S.B : Imunologi Diagnosis dan
Prosedur Laboratorium edit 3, p.10-26,
Jakarta 1996.
4. Wheater’s ; Young B; Heath J.W : A
Textbook and Colour Atlas. Fourth Edit,
p.193-221, Churchill Livingstone 2000.
THANK YOU