SPSS

Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences
The SPSS software
 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (1968)
 Among the most widely used programs for statistical analysis
in social sciences.
 Market researchers, health researchers, survey companies,
government, education researchers, and others.
 Data management (case selection, file reshaping, creating
derived data)
 Features of SPSS are accessible via pull-down menus
 The pull-down menu interface generates command syntax.
SPSS : Opening SPSS
SPSS : Importing data
SPSS : Importing data
SPSS : Importing data
 Settings in the “import text” dialogue box
 No predefine format (1)

 Delimited (2)

 First lines contains the variable names (2)

 One observation per line // all observations (3)

 Tab delimited only (4)

 Finish (6)
SPSS windows
 SPSS has opens automatically windows
 The datasheet window
 Observe, manage, modify, create, data

 The results window

 Everything you do will be stored there

 The syntax window can be opened

SPSS : Data sheet (1)
SPSS : Data sheet (2)
SPSS : Result / Journal
SPSS : Saving data
SPSS : working, at last!
Recoding Variables
 Changing existing values to new values (biotechnologie → DBF,
pharmaceutique → LDF)

1 3

2
Computing New Variables
 Taking logarithm (normalization of continuous variables)

1 2
Creating Dummy Variables
 Taking logarithm (normalization of continuous variables)

1 3

2
Computation of Descriptive Statistics

2
Descriptive Statistics

Statistiques descriptives

N Intervalle Minimum Maximum Moyenne Ecart type Variance

patent 457 286 0 286 11.92 22.901 524.470
assets 457 35788473.97 4422.18 35792896.15 4358371.54 6086530.85 3.705E+013
rd 457 1917997.980 858.53204 1918856.512 330236.630 405160.516 164155043889
spe 457 2.0235309 -1.1298400 .8936909 -.056808610 .3374751802 .114
pharma 457 1 0 1 .63 .482 .232
biotech 457 1 0 1 .37 .482 .232
N valide (listwise) 457
Splitting Database

1 2
Descriptive Statistics (by type)

Statistiques descriptives

type N Intervalle Minimum Maximum Moyenne Ecart type Variance

DBF patent 167 202 0 202 12.11 21.066 443.764
assets 167 2442619 4422.18 2447041 342934.49 478511.938 2E+011
rd 167 495443.5 858.53204 496302.1 58116.590 88638.5347 8E+009
spe 167 1.7544527 -1.12984 .6246127 -.10630582 .343286812 .118
pharma 167 0 0 0 .00 .000 .000
biotech 167 0 1 1 1.00 .000 .000
N valide (listwise) 167
LDF patent 290 286 0 286 11.81 23.929 572.609
assets 290 4E+007 218006.47 4E+007 6670709.4 6605972.68 4E+013
rd 290 1912600 6256.248 1918857 486940.24 432514.940 2E+011
spe 290 1.6904465 -.7967556 .8936909 -.02830504 .331330781 .110
pharma 290 0 1 1 1.00 .000 .000
biotech 290 0 0 0 .00 .000 .000
N valide (listwise) 290
Assignments
 Compute logarithm for all quantitative variables patent, assets,
rd, and name them lnpatent, lnassets and lnrd, respectively.

 Compute descriptive statistics for both LDFs and DBFs.

 Draw conclusion by comparing means.

Logarithm
 Normalization
 Taking the logarithm is a transformation which usually normalize
distribution.

 Elasticities http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(economics)
 A change in log of x is a relative change of x itself.

 Cobb-Douglas production function

  log x  1 x
    log x  
x x x