BASEBALL

BASEBALL
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

• ONE OF THE WORLD’S

MOST POPULAR TEAM
SPORTS
• HAS TEAMS ALL OVER THE
GLOBE
• NICKNAMED “AMERICA’S
PAST TIME”
 HISTORY OF BASEBALL
HISTORY OF BASEBALL

1839
ABNER
ABNER DOUBLEDAY
DOUBLEDAY
ABNER DOUBLEDAY
• ABNER DOUBLEDAY
INVENTED THE GAME OF
BASEBALL IN
COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK.

• HE WAS A CIVIL WAR HERO

AND 15 YEARS AFTER HIS
DEATH, HE WAS DECLARED
YEAR 1839 “THE FATHER OF THE
YEAR 1839 GAME.”
YEAR 1839
YEAR 1839
• Baseball is played between two
teams: the batting (offensive)
team and the fielding (defensive) team

• Teams should each consist of nine players.

•The offensive or batting team try to score as

many runs (points) as possible.

•A run is scored when a player of the batting

team has progressed in a counter-clockwise
fashion around the three bases and retumed to
the become base (the point from which he bats,
or hits the ball).
• The defensive team try to hinder the
batting team from scoring runs by catching a
hit ball in the air (before it touches the
ground), by delivering a hit ball to the
destination base of the runner before the
runner gets to the base in question, or by
striking out* the batter. Accomplishing any
of the above three constitutes an 'out'.

• When the defensive team accumulates three

outs the sides change positions and the
defensive team becomes the batting team and
vice versa.
• This change constitutes an 'inning'. In
Little League there are six such innings,
whereas in big league or the majors nine such
innings make up a game.

• There is no time limit to a game and each

game must have a winner and a loser.

• Any ball thrown into the strike zone must be

swung at; if not, a 'strike' is called by the
umpire. Should the pitcher fail to throw the
ball into the strike zone, the batter is not
obliged to swing and the umpire calls a
'ball'.
• Three strikes or batter's errors equals an
out.

• Four balls or pitcher's errors allows the

batter to go to the first base automatically.

• Score is based on how many innings a team has

won.
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
BALL

An official baseball is manufactured through a

process of wrapping yarn around a cork or rubber
center and then tightly stitching a cowhide or
horsehide cover over the yarn. A baseball is a
sphere that is approximately 9 inches (23 cm) in
circumference and weighs 5 1/4 ounces (149 g).
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
BAT

A bat is a solid piece

of wood, usually ash,
that is 2.75 inches (7
cm) in diameter at the
thickest part, which is
called the barrel, and
not more than 42 inches
(107 cm) in length.
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT BATTING HELMET

A helmet protects a baseball player if a ball

accidentally hits him in the head. Some pitcher's
can throw a baseball as fast as 100 miles per hour
(161 kph), so a player needs to wear a helmet to
prevent severe head injuries.
 BATTING GLOVE
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT

Although not a required piece of equipment,

many batters wear gloves to protect their
hands while batting. Blisters may be caused
by not wearing batting gloves. Some players
wear these gloves while running bases to
protect their hands while sliding into bases.
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
FIELDING GLOVE

A glove may vary based on the player's

position, but it is typically leather with a
webbed pocket, which forms a small basket.
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
CLEATS

All ball players wear a particular type of

shoe called cleats, which are defined by the
spikes attached to the soles. Baseball cleats
have spikes near the toe of the shoe, which
differentiates it from cleats in other
sports.
THE FIELD BASEBALL DIAMOND
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT CATCHER’S EQUIPMENT

A catcher is the target for the pitcher, so the

catcher must wear protective gear that covers the
majority of his body. Catcher's gear includes a
helmet with a faceguard that is similar to
a hockey goalie's mask, a chest protector, shin
guards, and a special padded glove. Some catcher's
also wear devices called knee savers, which are
triangular pads that attach to the players calves
and rest his knees even while squatting behind the
plate.
PARTS
PARTS
PARTS
THE INFIELD
The infield
is the area
from the
grass line
in to home
plate. It
includes all
the bases
and is where
most of the
action in
the game of
baseball
takes place.
PARTS BASES
The bases are perhaps the most important part
of the baseball field.
FOUR BASES:
• home plate
• first base
• second base
• third base

All are 90°

apart and
90 feet
away(but 60
feet in
minor
leagues),
PARTS PITCHER’S MOUND

In the middle of the infield diamond is the

pitcher's mound. This is a raised area of dirt
with a pitcher's rubber or plate in the middle.
Pitchers must keep their foot on the rubber when
throwing a pitch. The pitcher's rubber is 60'6"
from home plate in the majors and is 46 feet
from home plate in little league.
PARTS FAIR AND FOUL

The first base and third base lines extend from

home plate all the way to the outfield fence.
These lines determine if a hit is fair or foul.
The area between (and including) the foul lines
is fair territory, while anything outside them
is foul.
PARTS BATTER'S BOX
The batter's box is
an rectangle on each
side of the plate.
Batter's must be in
the batter's box when
they hit the ball. If
you want to leave the
batter's box, you
must call time out and get permission from the
umpire or you may be called out. If you step on
the line or out of the box when you hit the
ball, you will be called out.

The batter's box is 4 feet wide by 6 feet long

in the Major Leagues. It is generally 3 feet
wide by 6 feet long in little league and some
youth leagues may not have the lines drawn out.
PARTS CATCHER'S BOX

The catcher must be in the catcher's box during

a pitch. It is a balk if the catcher leaves the
box before the pitcher releases the pitch.
 COACH’S BOX
PARTS

Generally a coach can stand in these boxes to

help the base runner or to pass signs on to the
hitter. Coaches may leave the boxes as long as
they don't interfere with play.

ON DECK CIRCLES
These are areas
where the next
batter up may warm
up and get ready to
hit.
PARTS OUTFIELD

This is a large area covered by three players.

The distance to the home run fence, or outfield
wall, is not set by the rules and varies from
ballpark to ballpark. In major leagues the fence
is generally around 350 to 400 feet from home
plate. In little league, it is usually around 200
feet from home plate.
PLAYERS
PLAYERS
PITCHER

Stands on the pitcher's mound and throws the

ball to the catcher in attempt to make the
batter either swing and miss or else put the
ball in play so that it can be caught by a
defensive player (in which case the batter is
"out")
PLAYERS
PLAYERS
CATCHER

Squats behind home plate and catches the

pitcher's throws; also throws to bases to
throw out player's trying to steal those
bases, as well as fields the area around home
plate
PLAYERS
PLAYERS
FIRST BASEMAN
Fields the area near first base

SECOND BASEMAN
Fields the area between first and second base

THIRD BASEMAN
Fields the area near third base

SHORTSTOP
Fields the area between second and third base
 PLAYERS
PLAYERS

LEFT FIELD
Fields the portion of the outfield that's on
the left side of the batter when he faces the
field

CENTER FIELD
Fields the middle portion of the outfield

RIGHT FIELD
Fields the portion of the outfield that is
on the right side of the batter when he faces
the field
POSITIONS
POSITIONS
OFFICIALS
OFFICIAL
UMPIRE
S The person charged with
officiating the game,
including beginning and
ending the game,
enforcing the rules of
the game and the grounds,
making judgment calls on
plays.
UMPIRE-IN-CHIEF
Also called home plate umpire, umpire who is in
charge of the entire game. This umpire calls
balls and strikes, calls fair balls, foul balls
short of first/third base, and makes most calls
concerning the batter or concerning baserunners
near home plate.
 BASE UMPIRE
Base umpires are commonly stationed near the bases.
When two umpires are used, the second umpire is
simply the base umpire.

CREW CHIEF
The crew chief is usually the most experienced
umpire in a crew. the crew chief acts as a liaison
between the league office and the crew and has a
supervisory role over other members of the crew.
SKILLS
SKILLS
THROWING

Throwing is an essential skill in baseball that

requires coordination of the whole body. Each
throw needs to be quick and accurate in order to
hinder the opposing team from scoring.
SKILLS
SKILLS HITTING

The main goal of the players who hold the bat is

to hit the ball and drive it
the fielders. By hitting the
the fielders will be running
giving the hitter ample time
to the first base.
away, far away from
baseball hard enough,
after the baseball
to run from the plate
 SKILLS
SKILLS FIELDING

The fielder is any defensive player whose goal is to

protect his base and secure the flying baseball in his
hands and hold it as firmly as possible.
Fielding requires strong arms as baseball requires a
player to catch and throw the baseball all the time. No
matter what a fielder’s position is, agility, good rate
of motion, mobility and leaping ability are vital
skills needed to perform their tasks.
SKILLS
SKILLS CATCHING

The catcher has the most physically and

mentally draining task among the players of
baseball.
SKILLS
SKILLS BASE RUNNING

One of the vital skills that are often overlooked

in a power game like baseball is base
running. Mobility and speed are the crafts that
need to be honed for runners not just in baseball
but also in other sports.
SKILLS
SKILLS HAND-EYE COORDINATION

Eye-hand or hand-eye coordination is a crucial

skill a baseball player needs. During a game on
the field, a batter needs to quickly process
visual information in order for him to measure how
he will hit the ball and the amount of force he
needs to exert.
HAND
HAND SIGNALS
SIGNALS

OUT/STRIKE TIMEOUT/FOUL BALL FOUL TIP

used after Used when a Used when a
a third batter hits batter swings
strike or a foul ball and just
when a or when barely tips
runner is play must the ball but
out before be paused. the catcher
reaching a still catches
base. it.
HAND
HAND SIGNALS
SIGNALS

SAFE
DO NOT PITCH PLAY BALL
Used to Used when a
signal the runner safely Used to
pitcher to reaches any signal the
wait before base. pitcher that
throwing it is OK to
his next throw the
pitch. pitch.
HAND
HAND SIGNALS
SIGNALS

FAIR BALL

Used when a batter hits a

ball that lands in fair
ground.
 QUIZ
1839
1. Who invented baseball?
2. There are how many innings in a baseball game?
3. Fields the middle portion of the outfield.
4. A solid piece of wood, usually ash, that is 2.75
inches in diameter.
5. Skill of a batter that involves quickly processing
visual information in order for him to measure how
he will hit the ball and the amount of force he
needs to exert.
6. What year was baseball invented?
7. The person charged with officiating the game,
including beginning and ending the game,
8.

9. Each team consists of how many players?

10. yatdog