Baseball

Learning Objectives:

• analyze the rules and regulations in baseball,

• develop an appreciation for the history of baseball ,

and

• demonstrate the basic skills and hand signals used

in baseball.
Let’s dance
 What is Baseball?
is a bat-and-ball sport played between two
teams of nine players each. The game unfolds
over several plays, with each play typically
starting when a player from the fielding team
throws a ball that a player from the batting
team tries to hit with a bat
Historical Background
Baseball, often referred to as “America’s
Pastime,” has a rich and varied history. The
origins of the game can be traced back to the
mid-18th century in England, where it evolved
from older bat-and-ball games. The game was
brought to North America by immigrants,
where the modern version of baseball
developed.
Historical Background
The term “base-ball” was first mentioned in
1744, in John Newbery’s children’s book "A
Little Pretty Pocket-Book". The book included a
brief poem and an illustration depicting a game
called “base-ball.” The bases in the illustration
were marked by posts instead of the bags and
flat home plate now familiar in the game
Historical Background
In the United States, organized amateur club
baseball began to grow in eastern cities during
the 1830s and 1840s. Innovations made by New
York City clubs became the basis for the
modern game. These clubs formed a national
governing body with uniform rules in 1858, the
National Association of Base Ball Players.
Historical Background
By the late 19th century, baseball was widely
recognized as the national sport of the United
States. Despite its strong cultural connection
to America, the sport has also been embraced
across the globe, notably in Cuba, the
Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Japan.
Historical Background
The first professional league, the National
Association of Professional Base Ball Players,
was founded in 1871. Five years later, the
National League was created; it was followed
by the American League in 19012. The first
World Series between the champions of the
two major leagues was held in 1903, and by
1905 it became an annual event.
 Rules and
Regulations
 RULES FOR BASEBALL PLAYERS
• Baseball is a game played out between two teams
and there are 9 players in each team – like the
rounders game.
• There is a total of 9 innings in a game where each
team has one spell of batting and fielding in each
innings.
• Each team will have three ‘outs‘ per innings and
then they swap roles.
 RULES FOR BASEBALL PLAYERS
• Baseball rules and regulations for the player
positions of the fielding team are:

 A pitcher.
 A catcher.
 Four infielders at first baseman, second baseman,
shortstop, and third baseman.
 Three outfielders at left field, center field, and right
field
Baseball Rules on Equipment
 The baseball field gets split into two sections; called the
infield and the outfield.

 A diamond shaped area with four bases spaced at 90 feet

apart separates the infield from the outfield.

 A pitching mound gets located in the center of the infield.

This is where the pitcher stands to throw the ball
‘overhand‘ towards the batter.
Baseball Rules on Equipment
 The distance from the pitcher on the raised mound to the
batter on the home plate is 60.5 feet (18.4 meters).

 The batter will take his position at home plate.

 The other three bases are first base, second base, and
third base.

 A run does not score points unless the batter touches all
bases when he makes a run.
Baseball Rules on Equipment
 Baseball bats are traditionally made out of wood or
aluminium (or other metal materials).

 The baseball ball measures close to 3 inches in diameter. It

is white in colour with red stitching.

 The fielding team players wear an oversized glove called

‘mits‘ to help them catch and pick up the ball.
 RULES FOR BASEBALL PLAYERS

 The catcher stands behind the batter to catch

any missed balls.

 Baseball catchers wear extra padding in their

glove as well as a helmet, leg guards, and a
body pad.
 Scoring in Baseball
 A batter scores after striking the ball and then completing
a circuit around all four bases.

 The fielding team try to collect the ball and throw it to the
nearest base that the batter is running to. The aim is to
achieve this before he gets to the base position.

 Hitting a home run is a mandatory point and occurs when

the ball leaves the playing area (often landing in the
crowd).
 Scoring in Baseball
 Players can stop at any base if they fear they will get
tagged out before making it to the next base.

 Players can score multiple points from one hit if more than
one player is already on one of the bases.

 In baseball terms a-z ‘bases are loaded‘ means there is a

player on every base.
 Scoring in Baseball
 General scoring gets determined by how many players
make it to home plate before they get tagged.

 One hit scores a maximum of four (4) points.

General Baseball
Rules and
Regulations
• Baseball games last for 9 innings where both teams get to
bat once. The home team will bat second in order of play.

• The team batting second in the bottom of the 9th innings

does not need to complete their batting innings if they are
already ahead on points.

• Batting orders cannot get changed after the order gets

picked.

• An innings consists of batters from each team taking their

turn to bat until three batters are out.
• Baseball regulations allow for substitutions. But,
substitutes must bat from the position where the previous
player was batting.

• Each batter must make an effort to at least get to the first

base if he manages to hit the ball from the pitcher.

• A runner can run to as many bases as they wish before

getting tagged out. But, each base must get touched with
some part of the batters body when running past it.
• A batter receives up to three strikes before they get
given ‘out‘.

• A strike occurs when a batter swings for a ball and

completely misses it.

• If the ball gets delivered within a certain area, called

the strike zone, a strike will also get given if the
batter chooses not to attempt hitting the ball.
• Four consecutive balls missing the strike zone allows
the batter to walk to first base. This baseball
regulation applies even if they do not swing their bat.

• A batter can run from base to the next base at any

point.
• Player dismissals in the basic baseball rules include:

 A ‘strike out‘ (batsmen missing the ball three times).

 A ‘force out‘ (when a player fails to make the base

before the defensive player).

 A ‘fly out‘ (when the ball gets hit in the air and caught
without it bouncing).

 A ‘tag out‘ (where a defensive player with the ball tags

the batsmen with the ball whilst they are running).
• They take turns fielding and batting, with the home team
batting second.

• Each innings gets broken down into the ‘top‘ (where the
away team bats) and the ‘bottom‘ (where the home team
bats).
Basic skills of the
game
 Basic skills of the game
 HITTING
 CATCHING
 THROWING
 RUNNING
 FIELDING
 HITTING FOR POWER
 Hitting: This is an extremely important skill in
baseball. The game is about hitting the balls to get
runs. You must hit the ball and send it away from the
fielders

 Catching: Catching is a defensive skill where a

catcher catches the instant pitched balls from the
pitchers.
 Throwing: Throwing accurately and quickly is
essential for all positions on defense2. This involves
transitioning the ball from glove hand to throwing
hand before releasing it at a right angle towards its
target.

 Running: Running is most important for offensive

players as they need to run from base to base when
a hit is made2. Defensive players must also be able
to move quickly in order to achieve an out as soon as
possible.
 Fielding: Fielding involves defensive players
working together in order to catch or collect the ball,
so it can be thrown back into the infield.

 Hitting for Power: This skill is about hitting the ball

with enough force to send it far into the field,
potentially resulting in more bases gained or even a
home run.
Equipment/Materials
and facilities
• The ball: A sphere made of yarn wrapped around a
cork or rubber core, covered with white leather and
stitched with red thread. It measures about three
inches in diameter and weighs about five ounces.

• The bat: A long stick made of wood or aluminum,

with a thin handle and a thick barrel. It is used to hit
the ball. It can be up to 42 inches long and almost
three inches in diameter.
• The glove: A leather mitt worn by fielders to catch
and throw the ball. It has a webbed pocket between
the thumb and index finger. There are different types
of gloves for different positions, such as:

 catcher’s mitt,
 first baseman’s mitt,
 infielder’s glove, and
 outfielder’s glove.
• The helmet: A protective headgear worn by batters and
baserunners to prevent head injuries from the ball or
collisions.

• The uniform: A set of clothing worn by players to identify

their team and position. It consists of a jersey, pants, belt,
socks, and cap.
The catcher’s gear: A set of protective equipment
worn by the catcher, who is the player behind the home
plate. It includes a chest protector, a helmet or mask,
and leg guards.

The chest protector covers the torso and shoulders,

the helmet or mask covers the head and face, and the
leg guards cover the shins and knees.
• The bases: Four white bags or plates that mark the
corners of the infield. They are called first base,
second base, third base, and home plate. The bases
are 90 feet apart from each other, forming a
diamond shape.

• The pitching rubber and mound: A white rubber

slab and a raised dirt area in the center of the
diamond, where the pitcher stands and throws the
ball. The pitching rubber is 60 feet and 6 inches away
from the home plate, and the mound is 10 inches
higher than the rest of the field
• The outfield: The grassy area beyond the infield,
where the outfielders play. The outfield is divided
into three sections: left field, center field, and right
field.

• The foul poles: Two yellow poles that extend from

the fence or wall in the outfield, one on each side of
the field. They indicate the boundary between fair
and foul territory.
• The scoreboard: A large electronic display that
shows the score, the inning, the count, the outs, and
other information about the game.

• The seating: The area where the spectators sit and

watch the game.

• The batting cage: A netted enclosure where batters

practice their swings before the game or between
innings.
• The protective netting: A mesh screen that covers
the backstop and the first and third base lines, to
protect the spectators from foul balls or broken bats.
• The scoreboard: A large electronic display that
shows the score, the inning, the count, the outs, and
other information about the game.

• The seating: The area where the spectators sit and

watch the game.

• The batting cage: A netted enclosure where batters

practice their swings before the game or between
innings.
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