BALDELOMAR, MA ALTHEA CHASMINE C.

11- PLATO

Brief history about basketball

Basketball was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts. The year was 1891,

and as the story goes, Naismith was asked to come up with an indoor game that offered fewer injuries

than classic American gridiron football. He came up with a 9-on-9 game that involved shooting a ball

into a peach basket. Under those first rules, a single point was scored for a made basket. The first

game would have a final score of 1-0. The game of basketball grew very rapidly, with college teams

forming leagues within the first decade of the game’s invention. Naismith himself would become a

college coach for the game, joining the University of Kansas in 1898. He would amass a win/loss record

of 55-60. This means James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, is also the only coach in Kansas

history to have a losing record.

Basketball was introduced to the rest of the world due to efforts from the US Army and the YMCA.
In 1893, the first international basketball match was organized. Members took the game to India, Japan,
Persia, and China as well.

In 1895, the first recorded basketball game between two college teams was organized. The
University of Minnesota A&M faced Hamline University under 9-on-9 rules, winning the game 9-3. In
1896, the first collegiate 5-on-5 game was played between Iowa and the University of Chicago, with
Chicago winning 15-12.

By 1898, professional leagues were forming, as were collegiate leagues. Six teams took part in
the first professional basketball league, but the league was disbanded in 1904. Between then and World
War I, small championships were created and some teams played for money against challengers. This
includes the original Celtics basketball team.
Rules and Regulations
The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example professional rules

differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international rules are different from USA

professional rules). These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic game of

basketball and the majority of the rules discussed below can be applied to most any game of

basketball played.

The winner of a basketball game is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing the

basketball through the opponent's hoop or basket. In regular play a basket made from within the three

point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from outside the three point line is worth three points.

When shooting a free throw, each free throw is worth 1 point.

Rules for the offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball

there are certain rules they must follow:

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any time,

both hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot. The foot

that is stationary is called the pivot foot.

2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has

stopped dribbling they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called for a

double-dribbling violation and looses the basketball to the other team. A player can only start another
dribble after another player from either team touches or gains control of the basketball. This is usually

after a shot or pass.

3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other team

gets control of the basketball.

4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the

basketball while dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player will lose

the ball to the other team.

5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is called

a backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the offensive team

can recover the ball legally.

Defensive Rules

The team on defense is the team without the basketball.

1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair

advantage through physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the referee,

but, in general, the defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes the

offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.

Rules for everyone

1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same to all

players on the court including offensive players.

2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.

3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is on

the rim. This is called goaltending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games).
Every player on the court is subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play. The

positions in basketball are just for team basketball strategy and there are no positions in the rules.

Basketball Court
Basketball Equipment & Facilities

Basketball Court Dimensions

The size of the court depends on the playing level. The size of the court for NBA and College games
is 94 feet long and 50 feet wide. It is smaller for High School and Junior High.

The Backboard and Rim

The regulation height above the ground for the rim (hoop) is 10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in
diameter. Backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall, with the inner square being 24
inches wide by 18 inches tall.

The Foul Line

For all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of the backboard.

The Key

The key is 12 feet wide, and is the same for all basketball courts. The backboard extends 4 feet out
over the baseline into the key. A half circle of diameter 6 foot extends from the foul line away from the
basket to complete the key.

The 3 Point Line (Arc)

For NBA Basketball Courts the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides with a
straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those points the line extends out
23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.

Line Markings

All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.
Five Basic Skills of Basketball

Dribbling

Top point guards dribble and control the ball as if it were on a string. Good technique is critical for a

ball handler. You should dribble with your fingertips rather than your palm. Dribble with your head up

so you can see the opposition and your teammates. Keep your body low and use your off-ball hand to

help keep your defender at bay. Work on dribbling with both hands, so you'll be as comfortable going
to your left or your right.

Passing

Great passers can see the whole court and anticipate where a teammate will go and what a defender

will do. Mastering the basics is the place to start. Develop a two-hand chest pass, bounce pass and

overhead pass so you can deliver the ball to your teammates in the best position for them to shoot or

beat their defender. Steve Nash or Derrick Rose can dazzle you with a behind-the-back or a no-look
pass. But those moves are not just for show; they provide a teammate the best chance to score.

Shooting

It's difficult to score if you can't shoot the ball effectively. As Better Basketball Coaching explains,

shooting is something of an art form, and some players, such as Kevin Durant and Ray Allen, have a

knack for it. But everyone can improve their shooting through proper technique and lots of practice.

Proper technique includes squaring your body up to the target, shooting the ball with your fingertips,

keeping your elbows from flying, putting backspin and arc on the shot and following through completely

after letting the ball fly.

Rebounding

Although it helps to be tall and have jumping ability, rebounding is a matter of desire as well as ability.

Charles Barkley was relatively small for a forward, but he was an outstanding rebounder. He had the

ability to determine where an errant shot was likely to fall, the willingness to crash the boards

relentlessly and the strength to block out taller opponents. Blocking out your opponent -- also called

boxing out -- is one of the keys to good rebounding. To do it effectively, maintain your concentration
and focus.

Defense

Even the best scorers go into shooting slumps. But you can always play good defense if you hustle and

understand both individual and team defense. When you are defending a player, keep you head lower

than his. Stay close enough to the offensive player to bother him -- but not so close he can blow by you

with one step. Know your opponent's tendencies so you can dictate the direction you want him to move.

Be aware of the other players on the court, so you can play help defense when a teammate loses his

man.

Basketball Terminology & Definitions

Alternating-possession rule:
The possession arrow changes direction after each held ball situation, alternating which team gets
possession of the ball.
Assist:
A pass that immediately precedes and sets up a scored basket.
Backboard:
The rectangular or fan-shaped board behind the basket.
Backcourt:
The half of the court that is opposite a team’s offensive basket; the court a team is attempting to
defend.
Ball handler:
The player with the ball; usually the point guard at the start of a play.
Ball Side:
The half of the court from the middle to the sideline where the ball is currently located. May also be
referred to as the ‘strong side’.
Bank shot:
A shot where the ball is first bounced (or banked) off the backboard at such an angle that it then
drops into the basket.
Baseline:
The boundary line behind each basket; also called the endline.
Basket:
Attached to the backboard, it consists of a metal rim 18″ in diameter suspended 10′ from the floor,
from which a 15-18″ corded net hangs, and through which points are scored; also used to refer to a
successful field goal.
Beat the defender:
When an offensive player, with or without the ball, is able to get past an opponent who is guarding
him.
Bench Points:
The number of points scored during a game from players that began the game on the bench. All
points scored by non-starters.
Blocked shot:
The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, thereby
preventing a field goal.
Blocking:
The use of a defender’s body position to illegally prevent an opponent’s advance; the opposite of
charging.
Bonus free throw:
See “One-and-One.”
Bounce pass:
A pass that strikes the floor before it reaches the receiver.
Boxing out:
A player’s attempt to position his body between his opponent and the basket to get rebounds and
prevent the opponents from doing so. Also referred to as Blocking out.
Carrying the ball:
Also called “palming;” a violation committed by a dribbler that involves placing the dribbling hand
under the ball and momentarily holding or carrying it while dribbling.
Center:
Also called the “pivot player;” an offensive position typically played by a tall player who plays mainly in
the key areas (at the post).
Center court circle:
The circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken.
Charging:
A personal foul committed when an offensive player illegally contacts a defensive player who has
established position or is stationary.
Chest pass:
A two-handed pass thrown from the passer’s chest in a straight line to the chest area of the receiver.
Controlling the boards:
Securing a majority of the rebounds.
Conversion:
A made basket or free throw.
Court vision:
A player’s ability to see everything on the court during play — such as where his teammates and
defenders are set up — which enables him to make better choices in passing; the best players
possess this trait.
Crossover dribble:
A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the other while the dribbler changes directions.
Cut:
A quick movement by an offensive player to elude an opponent or to receive the ball.
Cylinder:
The imaginary area directly above the basket where goaltending or basket interference can occur.
Dead ball:
Occurs whenever the whistle blows to stop play and after a field goal, but before the opponent gains
possession of the ball.
Defense:
The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the opponent from scoring; also a
specific pattern of play used by a defending team.
Defensive rebound:
A rebound of an opponent’s missed shot.
Double-double:When a player scores double-digits in 2 categories during one game (points, assists
and rebounds are most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.
Double dribble:
A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two hands simultaneously or stops
dribbling and then dribbles again.
Double foul:
A situation in which two opponents commit a foul against each other simultaneously.
Double team:
A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one player.
Downcourt or down the court:
The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt into its frontcourt and towards its own
basket.
Dribble or dribbling:
Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the floor so that it returns to his/her
possession. It’s the only legal means by which a single player may move the ball across the court.
Drive:
A quick dribble directly to the basket in an effort to score.
Dunk:
When a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws the ball down into it; an athletic, creative
shot used to intimidate opponents.
Elbow:
A term often used to indicate the area of the court where the free-throw line and side of the key meet.
Elbowing:
It is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even if there is no contact; it is
a foul if contact is made.
End line:
See ‘baseline’.
Established position:
When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive player’s head
and shoulder get past him; the offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.
4-point play:
A made 3-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
Fake or feint:
A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive a
pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent.
Fastbreak:
An offensive strategy in which a team attempts to move the ball downcourt and into scoring position
as quickly as possible so that the defense is outnumbered and does not have time to set up.
Field goal:
A basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three points depending on the
distance of the attempt from the basket.
Flagrant foul:
Unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
Forward:
An offensive position played to the sides of the basket near the key area and out toward the sideline
along the baseline.
Foul (also referred to as ‘personal foul’):
A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Foul line:
See “Free-throw line.”
Foul shot:
See “Free-throw.
Free throw:
An unguarded shot taken from behind the free-throw line after a foul. If successful, the shot counts
one point.
Free-throw lane:
Also called the “key” or “lane;” a 12-foot wide area extending from the baseline to the free-throw line.
Players may not be in this area during a free-throw attempt.
Free-throw line:
A 12-foot-long line that is parallel to and 15 feet from the backboard.
Free-throw line extended:
An imaginary line drawn from the free-throw line to the sideline to determine the location for certain
plays.
Front court:
The half of the court (divided by the center line) that contains the offensive team’s basket; the
offensive half of the court.
Full–court press:
A defensive tactic in which a team guards the opponents closely the full length of the court.
Game clock:
Shows how much time remains in each quarters or halves of games.
Guard:
An offensive position played primarily at the perimeter, or away from the basket.
Guarding:
The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting close to the basket,
taking an open shot or making easy an pass, while avoiding illegal contact.
Half-court or set offense:
When a team takes the time to develop a play in its frontcourt, such as the give-and-go or a screening
play; opposite of fast break.
Held ball:
Formerly called a “jump ball.” When two players on opposite teams are in joint control of the ball
Help Side:
The half of the court from the middle to the sideline opposite to where the ball is currently located.
Hesitation Dribble:
A dribbling action with a change-of-pace intended to confuse and/or freeze the defender. The basic
action is a stutter step in which the dribbler momentarily slows his or her pace and speed.
High percentage shot:
A shot that is likely to go in the basket, such as a layup.
High post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane at the elbow / free-throw line extended area.
Inbounds:
The area within the baselines and sidelines of the court; also the act of bringing the ball into this area
by means of a throw-in.
Incidental contact:
Minor contact usually overlooked by officials.
Inside shooting:
Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
Intentional foul:
A personal foul that the official judges to be premeditated.
In the paint:
In the “key” area, so named because this area of the floor is painted.
Jump ball:
The procedure for starting play at the beginning of a game or an overtime period. The official tosses
the ball into the air between the two opponents positioned at the center-court circle; the two players
jump up and try to tap the ball to a teammate.
Jump shot:
A shot that is released after the shooter has jumped into the air.
Jump stop:
A method used to come to a complete stop. Both feet must land simultaneously – either parallel or
staggered – in order for it to be a jump stop.
Key:
Also called the “free-throw lane” or “lane;” the area measuring 12 feet in width and extending from the
free-throw line to the end line.
Layup or layin:
A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard towards the basket.
Loose ball:
A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
Low post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane close to the basket.
Lower percentage shot:
A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, such as one thrown by a player who is off balance or
outside his shooting range.
Man-to-man defense:
A team defense in which each player is assigned to guard a particular opponent.
Offense:
The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of play that a team uses
while attempting to score.
Offensive rebound:
A rebound of a team’s own missed shot.
Officials:
The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls.
One-and-one:
The “bonus” free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls after the opposing team exceeds a
certain number of team fouls in a half. The person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the
shooter takes a second shot.

Out of bounds:
The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines.
Outside shooting:
Shots taken from the perimeter.
Over-and-back violation:
A violation that occurs when the offensive team returns the ball into the backcourt once it has
positioned itself in the front court.
Overhead pass:
A two-handed pass thrown from above the forehead.
Overtime:
An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game.
Palming:
See “Carrying the ball.”
Pass:
An intentional throw to a teammate.
Passer:
The player who passes the ball to a teammate.
Period:
Any quarter, half or overtime segment.
Perimeter:
The area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3-point line, from which players take
long-range shots.
Personal foul:
Contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage;
players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also
counted as team fouls.
Pick:
See “Screen or Screener”
Pick and Roll:
A play in which an offensive player sets a pick for the dribbler, then cuts off that pick, or ‘rolls’, toward
the basket looking for a pass from the dribbler for a shot.
Pick-up games:
Impromptu games played among players who just met.
Pivot:
A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a “spot” on the floor while
moving the other foot to adjust the position of the body or to evade a defensive player.
Point guard:
An offensive position played by a guard who usually brings the ball up the court and initiates the
offense.
Possession:
To be holding or in control of the ball.
Possession arrow:
Used to determine which team’s turn it is to inbounds the ball to begin a period or in a held ball
situation.
Post:
An offensive position played close to the basket along the key.
Press:
An aggressive defense that attempts to force the opponents to make errors by guarding them closely
from either half court, three-quarter court or full court.
Quadruple double:
A triple double with double-digits scored in 4 categories.
Rebound:
The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
Run:
Occurs when one team scores several field goals in quick succession while its opponents score few
or none.
Scoring opportunity:
When a player gets open for a shot that is likely to score.
Screen or screener:
The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the
chance to take an open shot.
Scrimmage:
An unofficial game between two teams, or five-on-five play between team members in a practice
situation.
Shot clock:
A clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24 seconds in the NBA; in college, 35
seconds for men, 30 seconds for women.
Shooter:
A player who takes a shot at the basket.
Shooter’s roll or shooter’s touch:
The ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket.
Shooting range:
The distance from which a player is likely to make his shots.
Sidelines:
2 boundary lines that run the length of the court.
Sixth man:
The best substitute on a team; usually the first player to come off the bench to replace a starter.
Slam dunk:
See “dunk.”
Squaring up:
When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot; considered good
shooting position.
Substitute:
A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
Swing man:
A player who can play both the guard and forward positions.
3-point play:
A made 2-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
3 seconds:
A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key for more than three seconds at a time.
Team fouls:
Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over
the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities.
Technical foul:
A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that involves unsportsmanlike conduct by
a player, coach or non-player; or a contact foul committed by a player while the ball is dead.
Ten-second line:
The mid-court line over which the offensive team must advance the ball from the backcourt within 10
seconds to avoid a violation.
Three-point field goal:
A made basket from a distance greater than 19 feet and nine inches during a high school or college
game.
Three-on-two:
A common fastbreak situation in which three offensive players attempt to score on two defenders.
Timeout:
When play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a team to respond to an injured
player or discuss strategy.
Transition:
The shift from offense to defense, andvice versa.
Traveling:
A violation occurring when a player with the ball takes a step without dribbling (moving the
established pivot foot).
Triple double:
When a player scores double-digits in 3 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds
are most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.
Triple Threat Position:
Triple threat is an offensive position a player can use who has not dribbled yet. The offensive player
stands with knees flexed, feet slightly wider than shoulder width, and both hands on the basketball.
From this position, the offensive player can either shoot, dribble, or pass to a teammate … thereby
being a ‘triple threat’ with the basketball.
Turnover:
A loss of possession of the ball by means of an error or violation.
Upset:
When a higher-seeded (better) team loses to a lower-seeded (inferior) one.
Violation:
An infringement of the rules that’s not a foul. The penalty for a violation is the awarding of the ball to
the opponent.
Weakside:
The side of the court away from the ball.
Zone defense:
A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending an area of the court and the
opponents within that area.
Zone offense:
An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a particular zone defense.

Five famous athletes in basketball

LeBron James

Yes, the man many fans (ignorantly) consider the most overrated choke artist in the league is actually
the best player to ever set foot on a court. LeBron James just does things that shouldn’t be humanly
possible. He’s bigger than a good portion of the players in the NFL and yet he still moves as gracefully
as the most nimble guards in basketball. Moreover, he not only faced the incredible pressure of being
anointed “The Chosen One” by Sports Illustrated as a teenager, but he’s actually exceeded the lofty
expectations set for him. As magnificent as earlier players were, they never had to deal with the 24/7
stresses of 21st century media, which James has with aplomb. Through the publication of this list,
James has averaged a Robertson-esque 27.5 points, 7.2 rebounds, and 6.9 steals per game and—
unlike the Big O—he was doing so against teams stocked with elite athletes and not players who
smoked cigarettes at halftime. When people knocked him for not winning championships early in his
career, they overlooked that he almost single-handedly took an overmatched Cleveland Cavaliers
squad to the 2007 NBA finals at just 22 years old. And, of course, he’s since won two titles (and
counting?) as a member of the Miami Heat.
Michael Jordan

Michael Jeffrey Jordan, also known by his initials MJ, is an American former professional basketball
player and the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association. He
played 15 seasons in the NBA, winning six championships with the Chicago Bulls.

Kevin Durant

Kevin Wayne Durant is an American professional basketball player for the Brooklyn Nets of the
National Basketball Association. He played one season of college basketball for the University of
Texas, and was selected as the second overall pick by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 2007 NBA
draft.
Kobe Bryan

Kobe Bean Bryant was an American professional basketball player. As a shooting guard, Bryant

entered the National Basketball Association directly from high school, and played his entire 20-season

professional career in the league with the Los Angeles Lakers.

Shaquille O'Neal
Shaquille Rashaun "Shaq" O'Neal is a retired professional American basketball player who is a sports
analyst on the television program Inside the NBA on TNT. He is considered one of the greatest players
in National Basketball Association history.

Stephen Curry

Wardell Stephen "Steph" Curry II is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State
Warriors of the National Basketball Association. A six-time NBA All-Star, Curry has been named the
NBA Most Valuable Player twice and won three NBA championships with the Warriors.