Shaina Rosewell M.

Villarazo BSMA 2

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months. Naismith was a physical education instructor at
YMCA International Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts. Upon the
request of his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports game to help athletes keep in shape in cold
weather. It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his
class of eighteen into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The
objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a
while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield,
Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.

BASIC SKILLS

Dribbling

Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up and down the court,
maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to
spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.

Shooting

In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires the ability to properly
hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming,
arm extension and lift from the legs. There are different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups
and free throws.

Running

Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself running back and forth as the game
quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid defenders
and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially
during fast breaks.

Passing

Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball player. Basketball is a team
sport that involves finding a teammate who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the
difference between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually
the ones who set up scoring plays.

Jumping

Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is. Jumping is involved in offense during the
jump ball in the beginning, while taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will need
the ability to jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent for a rebound also is
important.
 EQUIPMENTS

Court Equipment

1) Floor
The playing surface is  made of either wood or maple and it has to be flat and rectangular in shape
2) Ball
It is the most visible equipment in the game of basketball. There are different types of basketball used
in different leagues. Usually it is made of leather, rubber or any synthetic material but it has to be
inflated properly.
3) Basket/Hoop
Basket consists of a round shaped metal rim with the covering of net around it. Baskets are
mounted at a certain height (10 feet above the floor).
4) Backboard
It is a rectangular board on which the basket is attached.
5) Scoreboard
It displays the time left in the period and running scores of the both team. A scoreboard can be
either digital or manual.

Officials Equipment

1) Uniform of Officials
Officials wear a uniform prescribed by their respective governing body. Usually, officials are dressed in
white and black stripped shirts, black pants and black shoes. NBA officials wear gray shirts, black pants
and black shoes.
2) Whistle
Basketball referee carries a whistle which he blows every time he needs to stop a play.
3) Score book
It is used by the scorekeeper who writes down scores and stats on it. Score book is something where you
find summary of the whole game, names of the players, their positions and jersey numbers, details of
each quarter and half etc.
4) Shot Clock and Game Clock
They are operated by timekeepers. Game clock records the overall time of the game while shot clock
counts down the 24 second shot clock.

Players Equipment

1) Players Uniform
Uniform consists of jersey (preferably sleeveless), short and shoes. All the teams wears their own
specific uniform. In NBA, all players wear a uniform prepared by league’s sponsored sportswear
company. They are not allowed to wear shorts which are too long. In NBA, players can be fined if their
uniform does not comply with the rules of the league.
2) Protective Gears and Accessories
They include goggles, face masks, mouth guards, knee pads or brace, headbands, arm sleeves,
wristbands etc. Not all players wear necessarily all these things. They use them only when they required
them.
 RULES

The winner of a basketball game is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing the basketball through
the opponent's hoop or basket. In regular play a basket made from within the three point line is worth 2 points and a
basket shot from outside the three point line is worth three points. When shooting a free throw, each free throw is
worth 1 point.

Rules for the offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball there are certain rules
they must follow:

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any time, both hands touch
the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot. The foot that is stationary is called the pivot
foot.

2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has stopped dribbling they
cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called for a double-dribbling violation and looses
the basketball to the other team. A player can only start another dribble after another player from either team touches
or gains control of the basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass.

3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other team gets control of the
basketball.

4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the basketball while
dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player will lose the ball to the other team.

5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is called a backcourt
violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the offensive team can recover the ball legally.

Defensive Rules

The team on defense is the team without the basketball.

1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair advantage through
physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the referee, but, in general, the defensive player
may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes the offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.

Rules for everyone

1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same to all players on the court
including offensive players.

2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.

3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is on the rim. This is
called goal tending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games).

Every player on the court is subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play. The positions in basketball
are just for team basketball strategy and there are no positions in the rules.