Soran University

Faculty of Engineering
Department Of Civil ENG.

Prepared by : suparvisor:
Shiren Hassan
Mahir Ayub
Amin Muhammad
Sedad Kurdo
Rawand Ali
Jwana Salh muslim

Explore the problem of concrete and find

solution for them
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 Out line

• Introduction

• Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion

• Low tensile strength

• Plastic shrinkage cracking

• Crazing

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Introduction
Concrete is a mixture of sand, cement,
water and aggregates are used as a basic in
most construction
Concrete today the backbone of each
construction and types vary depending on
the quality of the building or by pressure
forces incurred find many kinds of regular
white reinforced concrete prefabricated
pre-stress and other
Aggregate is the largest part of it where he
is about 60-70% of the total volume of
concrete block
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Features of concrete
concrete characterized by high resistance to
compression, but can not afford the high tensile
forces
concrete live longer range

Of course, there are also problems such as

plastic shrinkage of Concrete, crazing ,cracking
and reinforcement corrosion .

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Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion

* Concrete is the only major building material that can

be delivered to the job site in a plastic state

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* Concrete is also designed to permit reliable and high quality fast-
track construction

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* Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion
* The most common transport mechanisms determining the
chloride penetration velocity are diffusion(chloride gradients in
standing water) .

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* Self-compacting concrete (SCC)
* (SCC) combines a high flow ability and a high segregation
resistance

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* As the concept of self-compacting concrete is
different from traditional concrete

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* Plastic Shrinkage Cracking
* Causes: This condition occurs as a result of very rapid
evaporation of the concrete while it is still in a plastic state.
Hot, dry, and windy environmental conditions and lack of
countermeasures employed.
* Plastic shrinkage cracking will not occur in all concrete
surfaces.

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* However, Plastic shrinkage cracking often occurs during the
summer months because when hot drying winds are present or
during the winter months when the difference between the
concrete temperature and ambient temperature promotes
rapid evaporation of bleed water.

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To reduce the drying shrinkage of concrete,
some actions are recommended which are
Review of the mix design to see the fine
contents as well as absorption rates of
materials, Avoid adding water to the
concrete at the job site or worst when
placing, and Review moisture on the
surroundings of the concrete previously to
be placed.

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Crazing
Cause: Crazing is caused by drying out of the concrete
surface, so it is particularly common when the surface has
been exposed during placement to low humidity, high air or
concrete temperature, hot sun, or any combination of these

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* HOW TO PREVENT CRAZING ON CONCRETE SURFACE?

1. Avoid steep moisture gradient between the surface and the

interior of the concrete.
2. Trowel the surface as little as possible and in particular
avoid the use of steel float.
3. Avoid the use of rich facing mixes, not richer than 1:3.
4. Use as low water-cement ratio as possible, consistent with
adequate compaction.
5. Avoid grouting processes or rubbing the surface with neat
cement paste.
6. Avoid over vibration which results in bringing too much
slurry to the top or side.
7. Don’t begin finishing operations until the concrete is free
of surface water.

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