Automobiles are nothing but self propelled vehicles.

A
vehicle producing power within itself for propulsion is
known as self propelled vehicle.
History
 When made the first car? The human minds has very in former times to
employ the idea of a passenger vehicle in which there is no need to move the
animal strength. Certainly, Karl Benz name is linked the greatest merit, but
it should be mentioned next to about whom are not a lot of talk.
 In 1769 French engineer Nicolas Joseph Cugnot could operate steam
propulsion. The vehicle Cugnot bore the name the debut was literally wall
crucial was so that Cugnot steam-powered vehicle's due to one of
the world's first vehicle accidents as well
Nicolas Joseph Cugnot & Vehicle Invented by him
 1801 English inventor Richard Trevithick also designed a steam-
powered vehicle designed to have a manageable size while strong
enough people and loads to carry. A number of operating a small model
After taking a steam road vehicle built. „Puffing Devil” name
In1862, Alphonse-Eugene Beau de
Rochas penned the four-stroke
engine principle, this is guide has helped
the Cologne-born inventor Nicholas
August Otto in order to create the first
(low speed), the internal combustion
engine. Hungary in 1876, George
Wessely, known as Colonet is name
patented a car.

In 1885 Carl Benz built a little three-

wheeled car. The first one that he sold
was in 1887. In 1890 he went into
production with the four-wheeled model
named the Mercedes-Benz.
 Another Major contributor is Henry Ford. He was
the person that invented the assembly line. The
assembly line made cars fasters. Cars were made
within 12 to 2 hours. The assembly line made it
possible for normal people to buy a car. Once the
assembly line was created, automobiles were now
priced at least $200.00.
Recent trends in Automobiles

 Electric Vehicles
 Hybrid Vehicles
 Fuel Cell Cars
 42v Electrical Systems
 Drive by wire
Basic Classification of Automobiles
Type of automobiles W.R.T diff purposes
Automobiles can be classified in different in ways
according to:-
1. Use
i. Mopeds
ii. Motor cycles, scooters
iii. Cars, jeeps
iv. Buses and trucks
2. Capacity
i. Heavy motor vehicles : Buses, Trucks, Tractors
ii. Light motor vehicles : Cars, Jeeps
iii. Medium Vehicles : Tempo, Mini Bus, Station Wagon

3. Make and model

i. Honda, Bajaj, TVS, etc.
ii. Maruti Suzuki, Tata, Mahindra etc.
iii. BMW, Audi, Ford, Mitsubishi etc.
4. Fuel Used
i. Petrol vehicles
ii. Diesel vehicles
iii. Electric Vehicles

5. Body style
i. Closed cars e.g., sedan, coupe etc.
ii. Open cars e.g., convertible
iii. Special styles e.g., estate cars, station wagons etc.
6. Transmission
i. Manual
ii. Semi-automatic
iii. Fully-automatic
iv. Continuously variable transmission
v. Automated manual
7. Motion
i. Reciprocating – Piston Engines
ii. Rotary – Wankel Engines, Gas Turbines
8.Suspension
i. Conventional – Leaf spring
ii. Independent – Coil, Torsion Bar

Car Body Styles

1.Closed Cars
2.Open Cars
3.Special Style Cars
I. Closed cars:
a. Sedan – has two or four doors, single compartment
with two rows of seats.

b. Hatchback – A sedan with a door at the back

c. Coupe – only one row of seats for two persons. Only

two doors are provided.
Different Closed Cars

Honda Sedan

Suzuki SX4
Different Closed Cars

Ford Fiesta
5 door hatchback

Honda Civic Hatch

Back
Different Closed Cars

Honda Genesis
Coupe

Honda Accord
Coupe
 Car Body Styles
II. Open cars
a) Sports – Has two doors or less, provided with a
collapsible hood, a fold-flat windscreen and
removable side-screen.

b) Convertible – Roof in this is of folding type. So the car

roof can be closed or opened.
Different Open Cars
Peugeot 9009 Sports
Car

Dodge Viper Sports Car

Different Open Cars
BMW M6 Convertible

BMW M3 Convertible
 Car Body Styles
III. Special styles
a) Estate car – A sedan with the passenger roof extended
up to rear end. Rear seats are usually collapsible for
loading.

b) Station wagon – Rear doors and four or five person

seating capacity.
Special Style Cars

Mercedes AMG
Estate

Audi RS 6 Estate Car

Special Style Cars

Ford Mustang
Station Wagon

Station Wagon
Body Styles For Transport Vehicles
 Van : These are light transport vehicles. There are
seats at the front and luggage space at rear. The side
doors are usually sliding type
 Truck : These are heavy goods commercial vehicles
with all axles attached to a single frame. Generally twin
wheels are fitted on the non steered axle
 Articulated Vehicles : This is also a heavy goods vehicle
consisting of a tractor and a semi trailer. Tractor
provides motive power and trailer carries luggage.