Constant and sliding mesh

Principle of Gearing
Types
 1. Manual Transmission
 2. Automatic Transmission
 3. Semi-automatic Transmission :-
 a) Dual-cutch Transmission
 b) Sequential Transmission
 4. Continuously Variable Transmission
Manual Transmission
 A manual transmission, also known as a manual
gearbox or standard transmission is a type
of transmission used in motor vehicle applications. It
uses a driver-operated clutch engaged and disengaged
by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever
(motorcycle), for regulating torque transfer from the
engine to the transmission; and a gearstick operated
by foot (motorcycle) or by hand (automobile).
 A conventional, 5-speed manual transmission is often
the standard equipment in a base-model car; other
options include automated, semi-automatic
transmission, or a continuously variable
transmission (CVT).
Const Mesh gearbox
1. I speed gear
2. II speed gear
3. main shaft
4. III speed gear
5. top and III speed engaging dogs
6. top gear
7. primary shaft or main drive gear
8. counter shaft/cluster gear
 All the gear are in constant mesh with the
corresponding gears on the layshaft. The gears on
the splined main shaft are free
 The dog clutch are provided which are free to slide
on the main shaft.
 The gears on the lay shaft are fixed.
working
Double Declutching
 For the smooth engagement of the dog clutches it is
necessary that the speed of the clutch shaft, lay shaft
and main shaft gear must be equal.
 Therefore to obtain lower gear, the speed of clutch
shaft, lay shaft and the main shaft gear must be
increased.
 By Double declutching this can be done.
 The clutch is disengaged and the gear is brought to
neutral.
 Then the clutch is engaged and accelerator pedal
pressed to increased the speed of the main shaft gears.
 After this the clutch is again disengaged and the gear
moved to required lower gear and the clutch is again
engaged.
 As the clutch is disengaged twice in this process, it is
called double declutching
Advantages
Sliding Mesh Gearbox
 The sliding gearbox was popular on cars up to about
1930, but it is rarely used. The basic layout of a 4-speed
and reverse gearbox is shown in the figure. The various
spur-type gears are mounted on three shafts.
 Primary shaft (alternative names – clutch or first
motion shaft)
 Layshaft (countershaft)
 Mainshaft (third motion shaft).
 Primary shaft
 This shaft transmits the drive from the clutch to the
gearbox. At the end, the shaft is supported by a spigot
bearing positioned close to the splines on to which the
clutch driven plate is connected. The main load on this
shaft is taken by a bearing; normally a sealed radial ball
type, positioned close to an input gear called a constant
mesh pinion. The gear is so named because it is always in
mesh with a larger gear, a c constant mesh wheel, that I
part of the layshaft gear cluster. Note that a small driving
gear is called a pinion and a large gear a wheel.
 Lay shaft
This shaft, which is normally fixed to the gearbox casing,
supports the various-sized driving pinions of the layshaft
gear cluster.
 Main shaft
This splined output shaft carries spur gearwheels that
slide along the shaft to engage with the appropriate lay
shaft gears. At the ‘front’ end, the main shaft is supported
by a spigot bearing situated in the centre of the constant
mesh pinion. A heavy duty radial ball bearing is fitted at
the other end to take the force of the gears as the attempt
to move apart.
• The power comes from the engine to the clutch
shaft and thence to the clutch gear which is always
in mesh with a gear on the lay shaft.

• All the gears on the lay shaft are fixed to it and as

such they are all the time rotating when the engine
is running and clutch is engaged.
Neutral

 All main shaft gearwheels are positioned so that

they do not touch the layshaft gears.

• A drive is taken to the layshaft, but the mainshaft

will not be turned in neutral position
The firs-speed gearwheel A on
the mainshaft is lid backwards
to engage with pinion B on the
layshaft; all other gears are
positioned in neutral. In this
gear, the reduction in speed that
occurs as the drive passes
through the constant-mesh
gears, E and F, is reduced
further by the firs-speed gears,
A and B.
The second-speed gearwheel C is
slid forward to engage with the
layshaft gear D; all the other gear
are set in the non-driving
position.
In this gear position, gearwheel G is slid in
to mesh with gear H.
In this layout, fourth gear is a direct
drive; namely a gear that gives a ratio
1:1. It is obtained by sliding gear G to
engage its dog teeth with the
corresponding teeth formed on the
end of the constant mesh pinion E.
Engagement of the dog clutch locks
the primary to the main shaft and
this gives a ‘straight-through’ drive.
Sliding a reverse gear between
any two gears on the layshaft and
main shaft is the method used to
change the direction of rotation
of the output shaft.
The simplest arrangement uses
a single reverse gear, which is
mounted on a short shaft. This
shaft is positioned so that the
reverse can slide and mesh with
the two first-speed gears as
shown in the figure
Disadvantages
 Gear noise due to the type of gear.
 The difficulty of obtaining a smooth, quit and
quick change of gear without the great skill and
judgment