TRANSR

APID
MANGLE
V
BY– ISHAAN
GUPTA
ECE-123
03914802810
 OUTLINE
Transrapid working

Cryogen Working

Parts and Principle

Germany vs. Japan

Advantages

Impacts

Summary

References
 Maglev
Full scale speed
500 km/hr
 Types

Magnetic
attraction
Servo-Controlled
Electromagnets
Iron-plate rail
Magnetic
repulsion
Superconductin
gInduction
Cryogenic
EMS system: The German Trans-Rapid TR08
demonstration train and 30 kilometer test track,
with operating speeds up to 450 km/hr.
EDS system: The Japanese Yamanashi
demonstration train, with speeds of 500 km/hr
on a 18 kilometer test track.
Maglev
workin
g
•The magnets on
the side
=> Sharper turns
An on-Board
Master computer
=> Efficient
Levitation
Propulsi
on
System
Three Phase Motor GUIDE-WAY
• The system consists of aluminum three-phase
cable windings in stator packs on guide way.
• When current is supplied to the windings, it
creates a traveling alternating current that
propels the train.
• When AC is reversed, the train brakes.
• Different speeds are achieved by varying the
intensity of the current.
• Only a section of track of train travel area is
electrified.
The Japanese maglev uses
superconducting magnets
Lateral Guidance
•The super
conducting
magnet induces
repulsive-attractive
forces keeping the
train in the center
of the guide way.
The German Trans-Rapid
Maglev
The Japanese Yamanashi
 Inductrack System

Lock./07
 Optimizes levitation efficiency
Uses Halbach magnetinc arrays
Uses a passive track and permanent magnets
Attains levitation at lower speeds
 End view of Halbach array on moving car

Upper conductors of short ed levitation circuits in track

 Fraction of Maximum Levitation Force vs Speed

1.0

0.8
Fraction of Maximum Lift Force

0.6

Tra nsition spee d (1.2 km/hr)

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Speed (km/hr)
 Lift/Drag Ratio for Inductrack and for Conducting Plate
(Wa ve leng th o f Halb ach array = 1.0 m.)
45 0

40 0

35 0

30 0
In ductrack ( K = 3 .0 Newto ns/Watt)
Lift/Drag

25 0

Conv. rails @ 25 0 km/hr

20 0
(ae ro. n ot i ncl uded )
15 0

In ductrack (L = 0 )
10 0

50 Cond ucting plate

Jet a irpla ne
0
0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0

Speed (km/hr)

Lock./19
The levitation and drag forces of the Inductrack can be
analyzed using circuit theory and Maxwell’s equations

Induced voltage :
dI
V  L  RI  0 cos(t )
dt

Induced current (steady state) :

0  1 
I(t) = sin(t )  ( R / L) cos(t )
L 1 ( R / L ) 
2
 To analyze the Inductrack we start with the equations
for the magnetic field components of a Halbach array

B x  B0 sin(kx) exp[k(y 1  y)]

B y  B 0 cos(kx) exp[k(y 1  y)]

sin(  / M)
B 0  Br [1  exp(kd)]
 /M
Br = Remanent field (Tesla),
M = no. of magnets/wavelength.
d(m) = thickness of Halbach array magnets,
k = 2π/l
Integrating Bx in y gives the flux linked by the Inductrack
circuits and yields equations for the Lift and Drag forces

B 20 w 2 1
Fy  2
exp(2ky 1) Newtons/circuit
2kL 1 (R / L)

B 20 w 2 (R / L)
Fx  2
exp(2ky 1) Newtons/circuit
2kL 1 (R / L)

w = width of Halbach array,

L,R = circuit induct./resistance
Dividing <Fy > by <Fx > yields an equation for the Lift-to-
Drag ratio as a function of the track circuit parameters.

Lift L 2v  L 
   
Drag R   R 

The Lift/Drag ratio increases linearly with

velocity, and with the L/R ratio of the
Inductrack track circuits.
 The levitation efficiency (Newtons/Watt) can be determined
directly from the equation for the Lift/Drag ratio

Since P  Fx v, the equation

for the levitation efficiency is:

Fy2 L 
K  Newtons/Watt
P  
R 


Typical K values: K=1.0 to 5.0, depending on track

design
Applicatio
n
InfoCom
m
Safety
•Virtually
impossible to
derail.
•Collisions
between
trains unlikely
Maintenance
• Contactless
journey..
SO,
NEARLY NO
MAINTAINA
NCE!!
Comfort
•The ride at nearly
500km/hr is smooth
while not sudden
accelerating.
(Which, is also
unlikely!)
Economic Efficiency
•The initial investment similar but
operating expenses are half.
•Can take 200-1000 passengers in
single run
•The linear
generators
produce
electricity for
the cabin of
the train.
Speed
•Can travel at about 300
mph.
•For trips of distances
up to 500 miles its total
travel time is equal to a
planes
•It can accelerate to 200
mph in 3 miles.
=>ideal for short jumps.
Environment
ADVANTAGES FUEL SPEED FUEL

AT
USES LESS
1/5 OF JET 200KM/HR-
ENEGY
>1L

AT
LESS FUEL 1/3 OF
300KM/HR-
USED CAR
>2L
5-10 ft Levitation

Allows small animals to pass under

10-27 ft Levitation

Allows medium animals to pass under

50ft Levitation

Allows large animals, humans to pass

MagLev vs. Conventional Trains
MagLev Trains Conventional Trains
No Friction = Less Routine Maintenance
Maintenance Needed
No Engine = No fuel Engine requires fossil
required fuels
Speeds in excess of Speeds up to 110 mph
300 mph
Summary
 Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains have been under development for
many years in Germany and Japan for high-speed rail systems.
 Maglev would offer many advantages as compared to conventional rail
systems or inter-city air travel.
 The cost and complexity of presently developed high-speed maglev trains
has slowed their deployment.
 The Inductrack maglev system, employing simple arrays of permanent
magnets, may offer an economic alternative to existing maglev systems.
 The simplicity of the Inductrack may make it attractive for use in a variety
of applications, including urban maglev systems, people movers, and
point-to-point shipment of high-value freight
 The Inductrack, employing Halbach arrays, is an example of a practical
application of the results of fundamental studies in magnetics and particle-
accelerator physics.