CONGRATULATION…….

1
A HEARTY WELCOME

2
…”MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP”.

3
We expect:

• HARD WORK

• ATTENTIVENESS

• PUNCTUALITY

• SYMPATHY &
UNDERSTANDING YOUR
PATIENT.

4
HISTORY OF
MEDICINE

Dr. Ranjib Ghosh

Asstt. Professor,
Deptt. Of Pharmacology,
TMC & Dr. Bram Teaching Hospital
5
 INTRODUCTION
Ancient ages: Prayer, magic and with natural remedies.

Gradual development of Scientific modern medicine.

Record of human achievements in the healing arts is

astonishingly rich.

History of medicine reflects social, economical as well

as cultural development of a community.

Ghosh Ranjib
 EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE
o Cause of illness?
Supernatural powers, evil forces or
projection of a foreign object into a person.

o Method of healing:
Drive out evil spirits, bring back a lost
soul, or please an offended God.

Ghosh ranjib
 EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE
Bakongo nail fetish
used in Congo for either
aggressive or protective
magic, as directed by Witch
doctor.

A nail is driven into

figure each time its powers
are called on. (Field Museum
of Natural History, Chicago)

Ghosh ranjib:
 EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE

A moment in ceremonies of the nine –day Navaho Mountain Chant

9

Ghosh ranjib
 ANCIENT MEDICINE

• ANCIENT EGYPT
• ANCIENT INDIA
• ANCIENT CHINA
• ANCIENT GREEK
• ANCIENT ARABIC MEDICINE

10
 ANCIENT EGYPT

History of medicine of ancient Egypt is

identified from descriptive report of medicine
papyruses, pictorial representations, inscriptions,
mummies, and contemporary accounts.

11

Ghoshranjib
 Gold statue of Amen, local
deity of Thebes elevated to ruling
God of Egyptian pharaohs, whose
temple priests included healers .

(Metropolitan Museum of Art, New

York.)
 
 

12

Ghoshranjib:
 Scene from XIXth – dynasty The ban Book of the Dead of Hunefer
(c.1300 B.C) Showing jackal headed Anubis holding coffin containing
embalmed body of Hunefer before weeping family and priests
performing “Opening of the Mouth” ceremony, which prepares
deceased for afterlife. (British Museum, London) 13
 
Ghosh ranjib
 A moment in the life of an Egyptian physician
of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1500-1400 B.C.)
14
Ghoshranjib
ANCIENT INDIA

15
 Charaka is an ancient physician
of India in the era of 500 BC.

16

Ghosh ranjib:
 Susruta, ancient Indian surgeon 17

Ghosh ranjib:
 ANCIENT CHINA

18

Ghosh ranjib:
 Doctor shown examining patient by feeling the pulse, perhaps the
most important feature of ancient Chinese medical diagnosis.
(Wellcome Trustees, London) 19

Gosh ranjib
 ANCIENT GREEK

20

Ghosh ranjib:
Treatment of a patient by shedding blood 21
• Hippocrates was the most famous name of ancient
Greek medicine and was associated with an influential
collection of writings called “Corpus Hippocraticum”. 22
Ghosh ranjib:
 The Greek Physician Galen was probably the most
influential writer of all time on medical subjects. For nearly
fifteen hundred years his works were the unimpeachable
authority on medicine in many different lands. 23

Ghosh ranjib:
 ANCIENT ARABIC MEDICINE

24

Ghosh ranjib:
 Rhazes at the bedside of a young patient afflicted with measles.
First to describe measles and smallpox with clinical accuracy,
Rhazes reported first pupillary reaction to light. 25

Ghosh ranjib:
 PROGRESSION TOWARDS
MODERN MEDICINE

26

Ghosh ranjib:
• William Harvey is shown demonstrating his experiments on deer to
King Charles and the baby prince. (Royal College of Physicians,
London) 27

Ghosh ranjib:
 Antony van Leeuwenhoek-discoverer of microscope
28

Ghosh ranjib:
 Discovery of smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner
29

Ghosh ranjib:
 Laennec and discovery of stethoscope
30

Ghosh ranjib:
 Rudolf Virchow- Father of Pathology 31

Ghosh ranjib:
Louis Pasteur developed the technique of Pasteurization
32

Ghosh ranjib:
 •First successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia by
William TG Morton, a Boston dentist and medical student,
October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts General Hospital.( Boston
Medical Library, Cambridge.) 33

Ghosh ranjib:
 Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (Nobel prize in 1901)
34

Ghosh ranjib:
 Paul Ehlrich- Father of chemotherapy 35

Ghosh ranjib:
 Robert Koch
(Nobel prize in 1905)

36

Ghosh ranjib:
 Banting and Best received Nobel prize in
1923 for discovery of Insulin 37

Ghosh ranjib:
• Sir Alexander Fleming was honored with Nobel Prize for his discovery of
penicillin, ,in 1928.
38

Ghosh ranjib:
 Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin for
the treatment of tuberculosis
-& for this he was awarded
the Nobel Prize in 1952.

39

Ghosh ranjib:
40