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Y N X DX Dy X DX y D X: Bessel'S Equation and Bessel Functions
Y N X DX Dy X DX y D X: Bessel'S Equation and Bessel Functions
2
d y dy
x 2
2
x x n y 0
2 2
(1)
dx dx
where n is a parameter, is called Bessel’s
Equation of Order n.
Any solution of Bessel’s Equation of Order n
is called a Bessel Function of Order n.
Bessel’s Equation and Bessel’s Functions
occur in connection with many problems
of physics and engineering, and there is
an extensive literature dealing with the
theory and application of this equation
and its solutions.
If n=0 Equation (1) is equivalent to the
equation
d 2 y dy
x 2
xy 0 (2)
dx dx
y A J 0 ( x) B Y0 ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary constants,
and J 0 is called the Bessel Function
of the First Kind of Order Zero.
Y0 is called the Bessel Function of the
Second Kind of Order Zero.
The functions J0 and Y0 have been
studied extensively and tabulated.
Many of the interesting properties of
these functions are indicated by their
graphs.
The general Solution of Equation (1)
is given by :
y A J n ( x) B Yn ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary constants, and
J n is called the
Bessel Function of the First Kind of Order n.
Bessel Functions of the first kind of
order n
is called the Gamma Function
(n) t e dt for n0
n 1 t
0
(n 1) n(n)
(n 1) n! ; if n 0,1,2,.....where 0! 1
(n 1)
(n) for n0
n
Bessel Functions of the first kind of
order n
For n=0,1 we have
Y is called the Bessel Function of the
n
Second Kind of Order n.
y x [ AJ1/ 3 (2 x ) BY1/ 3 (2 x )
1/ 2 3/ 2 3/ 2
c dx 2q
b(a p 1) x b x
p 2 2p
y 0
If (1 a 2 ) 4c and d and p or q is not zero
yx e x
p
AZ (x ) BZ
q
(x )
q
1 a
;
2
b
;
p
d
;
q
(1 a ) 4c
2
2q
d Z Z
0 d 0 J J
0 d 0 J Y
0 d 0 I I
0 d 0 I K
A General Differential Equation
Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
The differential equation
d r dy
x
dx dx
ax bx
s r 2
y0
If (1 r ) 4b and s r 2 or b 2
2
0 a 0 J J
0 a 0 J Y
0 a0 I I
0 a0 I K
Problem
A pipe of radius R0 has a circular fin of radius
R1 and thickness 2B on it (as shown in the
figure below). The outside wall temperature of
the pipe is Tw and the ambient air
temperature is Ta. Neglect the heat loss from
the edge of the fin (of thickness 2B). Assume
heat is transferred to the ambient air by
surface convection with a constant heat
transfer coefficient h.
• a) Starting with a shell thermal energy
balance, derive the differential equation that
describes the radial temperature distribution
in the fin.
• b) Obtain the radial temperature distribution
in the circular fin.
• c) Develop an expression for the total heat
loss from the fin.
Solution
(rqr ) (rqr ) h
lim r Dr r
r (T Ta )
Dr 0 Dr B
d h
(rqr ) r (T Ta )
dr B
If the thermal conductivity k of the fin material is
considered constant, on substituting Fourier’s law we
get
d dT h
(r ) r (T Ta )
dr dr kB
Let the dimensionless excess temperature be
denoted by q = (T - Ta)/(Tw - Ta). Then,
d dq h
(r ) rq 0
dr dr kB
d r dy
x
dx dx
ax bx
s r 2
y0
r 1; s 1; b 0; a h /( kB)
0;
(1 r ) 4b 1 1 0 4(0)
2 2
1;
and s r 2
a
11 2
0
q x AZ0 ( a x) BZ 0 ( a x)
0
q AI ( 0 a x) BK 0 ( a x)