Personality disorder subtypes classified in

DSM-5
• Cluster A : odd ,aloof features
– Paranoid, schizoid, schizoptypal
• Cluster B : dramatic, impulsive & erratic
features
– Narcissistic, borderline, antisocial & histrionic
• Cluster C : anxious & fearful features
– Obsessive compulsive, dependent, avoidant
 Paranoid Personality Disorder
A . A pervasive distrust & suspiciousness of others such
that their motives are interpreted as malevolent,
beginning by early adulthood and present in a
variety contexts, as indicated by 4 or more of the
following :
1. suspects without sufficient bases, that others are
exploiting, harming or deceiving him or her
2. is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the
loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
3.Is reluctant to confide in others because of
unwarranted fear that the information will
be used maliciously against him or her

4.Reads hidden demeaning or threatening

meanings into benign remarks or events

5. Persistently bears grudges, i.e, is unforgiving

of insults, injuries, or slights
6. Perceives attacks on his or her character or
reputation that are not apparent to others and
is quick to react angrily or to counterattack

7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification,

regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of

schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive
disorder with psychotic features, or another
psychotic disorder and is not attributable to
the physiological effects of another medical
condition
 Schizoid Personality Disorder
A . A pervasive pattern of detachment from social
relationships and a restricted range of expression of
emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by
early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts as
indicated by 4 or more of the following
1. neither desires nor enjoy close relationship,
including being part of a family
• 2. almost always chooses solitary activities
• 3. has little, if any, interest if having sexual
experiences with another person
• 4. takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
5. takes close friends or confidant others than
first degree relatives
6. appears indifferent to the praise or criticism
of others
7. shows emotional coldness, detachment, or
flattened affectivity
Band is not attributable to the physiological
effects of another medical condition
 Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A. A pervasive pattern of social & interpersonal
deficits marked by acute discomfort with,
and reduced capacity for, close relationships
as well as by cognitive or perceptual
distortions & eccentricities of behavior,
beginning by early adulthood and present in
a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 or
more of the following :
1. ideas of reference (excluding delusions of
reference)
2. old beliefs or magical thinking that
influences behavior and is inconsistent
with sub cultural norms (e.g., super
stitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy,
or “sixth sense”; in children and adolescents,
bizarre fantasies or preoccupations)
• 3. unusual perceptual experiences including
bodily illusions
• 4. odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague,
circumstantial, metaphorical,
overelaborate, or stereotyped)
• 5. suspiciousness or paranoid ideations
• 6. inappropriate or constricted affect
• 7. behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or
peculiar
• 8. lack of close friends or confidants other than first-
degree relatives
• 9. excessive social anxiety that doesn’t diminish with
familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid
fears rather than negative judgments about self
B. . Does not occur exclusively during the course of
schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder
with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder or
. autism spectrum disorder .
 Antisocial Personality Disorder
A. A pervasive pattern of disregard for and
violation of the rights of others, occuring since
age 15 years as indicated by 3 or more of the
following :
1. failure to conform to social norms with
respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by
repeatedly performing acts that are ground
for arrest
• 2. deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated
lying, use of aliases, or conning others for
personal profit or pleasure
• 3. impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• 4. irritability and aggressiveness as indicated by
repeated physical fights or assaults

• 5. reckless disregard for safety of self or others

• 6. consistent irresponsibility as indicated by

repeated failure for sustain consistent work
behavior or honor financial obligations

• 7. lack of remorse, as indicated by being

indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt,
mistreated, or stolen from another
• B. The individual is at least age 18 years

• C. There is evidence of conduct disorder with

onset before age 15 years

• D. The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not

exclusively during the course of schizophrenia
or bipolar disorder
 Borderline Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal
relationship, self image and affects, and marked
impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present
in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the
following :
1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined
abandonment
• 2. a pattern of unstable and intense
interpersonal relationships characterized by
alternating between extreme of idealization and
devaluation
• 3. identity disturbance : markedly and persistently
unstable self image or sense of self
• 3. impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• 3. impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• 4. impulsivity in at least two areas that are
potentially self-damaging.
• 5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or
threats or self-mutilating behavior
• 6. affective instability due to a marked
reactivity of mood
• 7. chronic feelings of emptiness
• 8. inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty
controlling anger
• 9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or
severe dissociative symptoms
 Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and
attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood
and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated
by 5 or more of the following :

1. is uncomfortable in situations in which he or

she is not the center of attention
• 2. interaction with others is often characterized
by inappropriate sexually seductive or
provocative behavior
• 3. displays rapidly shifting and shallow
expression of emotions
• 4. consistently uses physical appearance to
draw attention to self
• 5. has a style of speech that is excessively
impressionistic and in lacking in detail

• 6. shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and

exaggerated expression of emotion

• 7. is suggestible, i.e., easily influenced by others

or circumstances

• 8. considers relationships to be more intimate

than they actually are
 Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy
or behavior), need for admiration, lack of
empathy, beginning by early adulthood and
present in a variety of contexts, as indicated
by 5 or more of the following :
• 1. has a grandiose sense of importance

• 2. is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited

success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal
love
• 3.
• 3.believes that he or she is “special” and
unique and can only be understood by, or
should associate with, other special or high
status people (or institutions)
• 4. requires excessive admiration
• 5. has a sense of entitlement
• 6. is interpersonally exploitative
• 7. lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or
identify with the feelings and needs of others
• 8. is often envious of others or believes that
others are envious of him or her
• 9. shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or
attitudes
 Avoidant
• A pervasive Personality
pattern Disorder
of social inhibition,
feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to
negative evaluation, beginning by early
adulthood and present in a variety of
contexts, as indicated by 4 or more of the
following :
• 1. Avoids occupational activities that involve
significant interpersonal contact because of
fears of criticism, disapproval or rejection
• 2. Is unwilling to get involved with people unless
certain of being liked
• 3. Shows restraint within intimate relationships
because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed
• 4. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected
in social situations
• 5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations
because of feelings of inadequacy
• 6.Views self as socially inept, personally
unappealing or inferior to others
• 7. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or
to engage in any new activities because they may
prove embarrassing
 Dependent Personality Disorder
• A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care
of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior
and fears of separation, beginning by early
adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as
indicated by 5 or more of the following :

• 1. has difficulty making everyday decisions

without an excessive amount of advice and
reassurance from others
• 2. needs others to assume responsibility for
most major areas of his or her life
• 3.has difficulty expressing disagreement with
others because of fear of loss of support or
approval
• 4. has difficulty initiating projects or doing
things on his or her own
• 5. goes to excessive lengths to obtain
nurturance and support from others, to the
point of volunteering to do that things that
are unpleasant
• 6. feels uncomfortable or helpless when
alone because of exaggerated fears of
being unable to care for himself or herself
• 7. urgently seeks another relationship as a
source of care and support when a close
relationships ends
• 8. is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of
being left to take care of himself or herself
 Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with
orderliness, perfectionism and mental and
interperonal control, at the expense of flexibility,
openness and efficiency, beginning by early
adulthood and present in a variety of contexts ,
as indicated by 4 or more of the following :

1. is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order,

organization or schedules to the extent that
the major point of the activity is lost
• 2. shows perfectionism that interferes with task
completion
• 4. is over conscientious, scrupulous and 3.
is excessively devoted to work and
productivity to the exclusion of
leisure activities and friendships
• inflexible about matters of morality, ethics
or values

• 5. is unable to discard worn out or worthless

objects even when they have no
sentimental value
• 6. is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work
with other unless they submit to exactly
his or her way of doing things
• 7. adopts a miserly spending style toward
both self and others; money is viewed as
something to be hoarded for future
catastrophes

• 8. shows rigidity and stubbornness

• 5. expresses envy and resentment toward
those apparently more fortunate

• 6. voices exaggerated and persistent

complains of personal misfortune

• 7. alternates between hostile defiance and

contrition