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1 Welding Inspection
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
EDGE DATUM THIS FROM MEASURE
A
51
NOTES:
Slag
8
inclusion
22 Lack of sidewall
fusion
236
241
Undercut smooth
30 1.5 max
Arc Strike
World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
C
EDGE DATUM THIS FROM MEASURE
A
23
NOTES:
10 Root concavity
2 deep
Page 2 of 3 EXAMPLE PL
Incomplete root B
penetration
50
WELD ROOT
247
Lack of root
20Fusion
World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
C
EXAMPLE WELD INSPECTION REPORT/SENTENCE SHEET
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Root Defects
Comments:
* Request MPI testing to confirm crack and length.
** Large amount of spatter on weld face. Recommend this is removed and re inspected.
*** Recommend arc strikes are ground flush prior to MPI testing for cracks.
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Inspection Practice Specification
Number TWI 09-09-03
All dimensions are given in mm
No Imperfection Comments Allowance
1 Cracks All types of cracks Not permitted
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6A Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Incomplete Filled Groove
?
Porosity Lack of
?
fusion
Slag Cap Undercut Cap Undercut
?
Inclusion ?
Intermittent ?
Intermittent
Cap Undercut
? ?
Arc Strike
Intermittent
?
Arc Strike
Excess
?
Penetration
Excess
?
Penetration
?
Gas Pore
Root Undercut
?
Linear Misalignment
?
Surface Slag Lack of Root
? ?
Fusion
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6B Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Incomplete Filled Groove
?Porosity Lack of Sidewall
?
Lack of Sidewall Fusion Fusion?
?
Surface Slag
? ?
Slag Inclusion
Crater Pipe
?
Lack of Root Fusion
?
Lack of Root ?
Lack of Root Fusion
Penetration
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6C Cap
Welding Process FCAW
Incomplete
?
Cap Undercut
Filled Groove +
Lack of
Sidewall
?
Surface slag & Spatter ?
Fusion Longitudinal
?
Crack
?
Slag Inclusion
?
Incomplete Filled
Groove + Lack of
Sidewall Fusion + Cap
Undercut Intermittent
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6C Root
Welding Process FCAW
Mechanical Damage
? ? Poor Stop/Start + Lack of
Burn Through
?
Root Penetration
?Excess Penetration
?
Lack of Root Fusion
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6D Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Porosity
Incomplete
?
Filled Groove
Excess Cap Cap Lack of Sidewall Cap
Height ? ?
Undercut ?
Fusion ?
Undercut
?
Overlap between Capping Passes
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6D Root
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Mechanical Damage
?
Lack of Root Fusion
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6E Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
Lack of
?
Sidewall
Fusion
?
Cap Undercut Intermittent ?
Cap Undercut Intermittent
?
Incomplete Filled Groove
?
Excess Cap Height
?
Incomplete Filled Groove
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6E Root
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Poor Stop/Start + Crater Pipe ?
?Lack of Root Fusion Lack of Root Fusion
?
Root Undercut
?
Excess Root Penetration
?
Excess Root
Penetration
?
Crater Pipe
?Lack of Root
fusion
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6F Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
Mechanical
Damage
?
?
Lack of Sidewall fusion ?
Crater pipe
?
Poor Toe Blend
?
Lack of Sidewall Fusion + Incomplete Filled Groove
Arc
?
Tack Weld ?
Strikes
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6F Root
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Lack of Root Fusion
?
Arc Strikes
?
Arc Strikes
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample 6G Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Parent Material Damage
?
Arc Strikes
?
Arc Strikes
Lack of Sidewall Fusion +
?
Incomplete Filled Groove
?
Poor Toe Blend + Excess Cap Height
Porosity
?
Parent material
?
gas cavities
?
Plate corrosion
?
Poor Stop/Start
?
Lack of Root Fusion
? slag ?
?
Crater pipe Surface
Surface Slag
?
Linear Misalignment
?
Incomplete Filled Groove ?
Arc Strikes ? ?
?
Arc Strikes
Slag Inclusion Arc Strikes
Arc Strikes
?
Cap Undercut Intermittent ?
Cap Undercut
?
Arc Strikes
?
?
Crater pipe
?
Excessive root penetration
Linear misalignment +
?
lack of root fusion
?
Lack of root fusion
? Poor stop/start
?
Lack of root fusion ?
Arc strikes
Arc strikes
? ?
Spatter
Cap undercut
?
Arc strikes
?
Poor toe blend full weld length
Arc strike
?
Lack of root penetration ?
Burn through
?
Poor stop/start ?
?
Linear misalignment
?
Lack of root penetration ?
Lack of root fusion
?
Mechanical damage ?
Lack of root fusion
+ poor stop/start
?
Cap undercut ?
Arc strikes
?
Cap undercut
?
Porosity
?
Cap undercut intermittent
Cap undercut
?
?
Mechanical damage
? fusion
Lack of root
Linear misalignment +
?
lack of root fusion
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample T4 Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
Mechanical damage
?
?
Cap undercut ?
Cap undercut
?
Spatter/irregular cap profile
Root undercut ?
Arc strike
?
intermittent
?
Lack of penetration intermittent
?
Ground flush root
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample H8 Cap
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Surface slag
?
Arc strikes damage
?
Mechanical
?
Cap undercut intermittent
?
Cap undercut intermittent
Mechanical
damage?
Note: Mechanical damage seek advice on course of action.
Excess cap height and poor cap profile throughout. Arc
strikes require blending and crack detection.
Copyright © 2006, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Plate Sample H8 Root
Welding Process MMA (SMAW)
?
Arc strike ?
Lack of root
fusion
? ?
Spatter
?
Lack of root ?
Lack of root
fusion
Lack of root
fusion
fusion
?
Root undercut intermittent
?
Spatter