Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Section 4.3 Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals
Section 4.3 Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals
SECTION 4.3
RIEMANN SUMS AND DEFINITE
INTEGRALS
Riemann Sum
1. Partition the interval [a,b] into n subintervals
a = x0 < x1 … < xn-1< xn = b
• Call this partition P
• The kth subinterval is xk = xk-1 – xk
• Largest xk is called the norm, called || ||
• If all subintervals are of equal length, the norm is
called regular.
2. Choose an arbitrary value from each
subinterval, call it ci
Riemann Sum
3. Form the sum
n
Rn f (c1 )x1 f (c2 )x2 ... f (cn )xn f (ci )xi
i 1
y = f (x)
Calculated 4.1
4.2
9.92
10.88
0.992
1.088
4.3 11.88 1.188
• Consider the function 4.4 12.92 1.292
4.5 14 1.4
2x2 – 7x + 5 4.6 15.12 1.512
4.7 16.28 1.628
• Use x = 0.1 4.8 17.48 1.748
4.9 18.72 1.872
5 20 2
5.1 21.32 2.132
f (c )x
i 1
i i 40.04
n
f (ci )xi
i 1
n
lim f ( ci )xi L
0 i 1
The Definite Integral
n
lim f ci xi
b
I f ( x)dx
a 0
k 1
• The definite integral is the limit of the
Riemann sum
• We say that f is integrable when
– the number I can be approximated as accurate
as needed by making || || sufficiently small
– f must exist on [a,b] and the Riemann sum must
exist
– 0 is the same as saying n
Notation for the definite integral
upper limit of integration
f x dx
Integration b
Symbol
a
integrand
variable of integration
lower limit of integration
Important for AP test [ and mine too !! ]
5 ba
1. x x dx
n n
5i
2. a=0 b 5 since a ix =
n
5i
3. x =
n
5
4. Thus
0
( 3 x 2 ) dx
Recognizing a Riemann Sum as a Definite integral
[5c
2
lim i
3 ci ] xi over [ 1,4 ]
0
i 1
4
answer: 1
(5 x 2 3x ) dx
x x dx
10
3
4 2
10-3 7
1. a 3 b 10 so x=
n n
7i
2. a ix 3
n
2
n
7i
3. Thus lim 4 (3 ) ( 3 )
7i 7
n
n
n n
i 1
Theorem 4.4 Continuity Implies
Integrability
Relationship between Differentiability, Continuity, and
Integrability
I D C
c cn
n
n(n 1)
1
k 2
1
i x
ba
ci = a + x
n
n
3xdx lim f (ci ) x i
4
2 n
i 1
n
6 6
lim 3( 2 i )
n
c cn
n n n 1
i 1
n
n(n 1)
18 n 6 k
lim
n n
i 1
( 2 i )
n
1 2
ci = a + i x
18 6 n(n 1)
lim [ 2n ( )] x
ba
n n n 2 n
1
lim[ 36 54(1 )]
n n
36 54 18
EXAMPLE Evaluate the definite integral by the limit
definition
n
5i 5
lim f ( ci )xi L ci 1
6
0i 1 n
x
n 1
x dx
n
n
5i 5
n
5i 5 5 25i
f 1 n n 1 2
i 1 i 1 n n i 1 n n
1 n 25 n
5 2 i
n i 1 n i 1
Evaluate the definite integral by the
limit definition, continued
n b
lim f ( ci )xi L
6
1
x dx
0 i 1
L f ( x )dx
a
1 n 25 n 1 25 n( n 1)
5 2 i 5n 2
n i 1 n i 1 n n 2
25 ( n 1) 25 25 25
5 5 n 1 5
n 2 2n 2 2n
6 25 25 35
1
x dx lim 5
n
2 2n
2
b
a
f ( x)dx
The Definite integral above represents the Area
of the region under the curve y = f ( x) ,
bounded by the x-axis, and the vertical lines
x = a, and x = b
y y = f ( x)
a b
Theorem 4.4 Continuity Implies
Integrability
Relationship between Differentiability, Continuity, and
Integrability
I D C
Y= x
y
x
0 3
2 3
9 1 9
A 33
x
A
2 0
2 2 2
a
a 1
2
x 2
dx a 2
-a 2
-a a
a
1. a
f ( x )dx 0
b a
2. f ( x)dx f ( x)dx
a b
EXAMPLE
2
1.
2
( x 5) dx 0
0 3 9
2. 3 xdx 0 xdx
2
Additive property of integrals
a c b
More Properties of Integrals
b b b
2. [ f ( x) g ( x)]dx f ( x)dx
a a
g ( x)dx
a
EXAMPLE
2 7 2 3
Given
1
x dx
2
3 1 xdx 2
2
Solve: 1
3( x 2 x )dx
2 2
3 x dx + 3 xdx
2
1 1
7 3 9 23
3( ) + 3( ) 7
3 2 2 2
Even – Odd Property of Integrals
END
Example 2:
Rules for definite integrals
Evaluate the using the following values:
x 2 dx
3
2
4 4 4
dx 2 dx
3 3
x 2 dx x
2 2 2
4 4 4
x 2 dx x dx 2 dx
3 3
= 60 + 2(2) = 64
2 2 2
Using the TI 83/84 to check
your answers
Find the area undery 3 x
on [1,5]
• Graph f(x)
1. f x 4 2. f x x 1
6 6
4 4
2 2
5 5
Use the limit definition to find
3
2
3x dx
1
Set up a Definite Integral for finding the area of the shaded
region. Then use geometry to find the area.
1. f x 4 2. f x x 1
6 6
4 4
2 2
5 5
5 6
A 4 dx A x 1 dx
1 2
4 4 3 4 21 4 4
rectangle triangle
16 un2 20 un 2