Module 2

EMERGENCY
ACTION
PRINCIPLES

TR 2-1
 SCENE SIZE-UP

PRIMARY ASSESSMENT

SECONDARY ASSESSMENT
 SCENE SIZE-UP
I. Scene Safety

II. Knowing what happened

III. Role of Bystanders

IV. Number of Casualties

 V. Asking permission or
consent
To obtain consent, do the following:
Identify yourself to the victim.
State your level of training.
Ask the victim whether you may
help.
Explain what you observe.
Explain what you plan to do.
Primary Assessment
ASSESS RESPONSIVENESS
A – Alert

V – Verbal

P – Pain

U – Unresponsive/Unconscious
 First Aid Visual Aids
Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care

ACTIVATE MEDICAL
HELP

Care First
Or
CaLL First???

TR 2-9
 First Aid Visual Aids
Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care

Information to be remembered in activating

Medical assistance:
- What happened?
- Location?
- Number of persons injured?
- Extent of injury and first aid given
- The telephone number form where you are calling.
- Person who activated medical assistance must
identify him/herself and drop the phone last.

TR 2-10
 A - Airway

Infant – Neutral Position

Child – Neutral Plus Position
Adult – Maximum Head Tilt
and Chin Lift Maneuver
 B - Breathing
While maintaining an open airway, quickly
check an unconscious person for
breathing by doing the
Look, (chest Rise and Fall)
Listen (Air passing through nose and
mouth i.e may have grunting or snoring)
and Feel (LLF) ( Air/temperature that is
going out of nose and mouth)
 C - Circulation

Check for definitive pulse at

• Carotid Pulse for adult or child,
while
• Brachial Pulse for infant
for no more than 10 seconds.
SECONDARY ASSESSMENT

I. Interview

II. Head-to-toe assessment

 SAMPLE HISTORY
S-igns and symptoms
A-llergies
M-edications
P-ast and Present Medical History
L-ast Oral intake
E-vent prior to injury
 DOTS

• D-eformity
• O-pen injuries
• T-enderness
• S-welling