Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Achieving the Vision:

From VII to IntelliDrive SM
Achieving the Vision

Original vision for Vehicle

Infrastructure Integration (VII):
 Dramatic safety improvements
 Promise of revolutionary mobility
improvements
Achieved through wireless
communication with & between
vehicles

This vision remains the same!

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Achieving the Vision – VII
The Original Plan
Infrastructure was a central prerequisite
 Nationwide deployment
 Extensive number of installations
Why?
 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains
▪ But, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits
 Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to
get benefits more quickly.
Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and
infrastructure
Safety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications – mobility
& convenience – could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio.

A sound starting point, but: Proof of Concept (POC) Test

•Would it work technically?
•Could it be practically implemented?

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Achieving the Vision – VII Proof of Concept
Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on:
 Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz
 Testing of draft DSRC standards
 “Stub” (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications
 Small number of cars & only cars
 V2I-focused because of original assumptions

POC proved that the basic technical concept would work.

But could it be practically implemented?

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Achieving the Vision – Could VII Be Practically
Implemented?
The Chicken and Egg Problem
Why should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the
infrastructure?
Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly?
How could infrastructure be deployed?
 About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned
applications.
 Could infrastructure be installed quickly?
 Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE?
 Who would provide the financial investment?
 How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment?

Three Big Dilemmas

What comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?
How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits?
How do we deploy the infrastructure?

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In the Meantime – An Explosion of Wireless
Technology

Proliferation of “smartphones” and other

personal/mobile computing/communication devices
(e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc)

Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided

by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or
3G networks supporting text, voice and video data
transmission at higher speeds)

Applications capable of providing location-specific

information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location
services such as shopping, weather, etc)

Data Virtualization – Cloud computing and ubiquitous

access

Access to real-time information, search capabilities

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Same Vision – New Pathways

The vision has not changed – still safety, mobility

and convenience through wireless technology
We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to
realize the vision

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Safety Applications – The Game Changers
Non-impaired
Crashes:
Two
scenarios

12%
76%
100

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Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research Questions
Which comes first – cars or
infrastructure?

 For V2V applications, NHTSA will

assess regulatory potential

 Outcome of regulatory assessment

may suggest that vehicle installation
comes first

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Safety Applications: The Game Changers
Research Questions
Which comes first – cars or infrastructure?
 For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory
potential

 Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that

vehicle installation comes first

How do we get fleet penetration for earlier

benefit?
 Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell
communication, & power) may offer opportunities

▪ “Here I Am” messages

▪ Different functionality, and easier to deploy

▪ Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not

clear

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Safety Applications: The Game Changers
Research Questions
Which comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?

 For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential

 Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation

comes first

How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?

 Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, &

power) may offer opportunities
▪ “Here I Am” messages
▪ Different functionality, and easier to deploy
▪ Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear
How do we deploy infrastructure?

 V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ;

Other wireless communication may be sufficient

 Infrastructure may become a spot safety application

▪ Signals, curves, other sites
 DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

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 Same Vision – New Pathways
Roadside
Equipment to
• Does V2V require DSRC handle non-
Infrastructure? DSRC
communications

• If so, how much, where?

• If not, what are other

infrastructure
requirements?

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 Same Vision – New Pathways

• What is the effectiveness of

signal, phase & timing
(SPaT) applications?

• Besides SPaT, what are

other infrastructure
applications?

• What are the infrastructure

requirements?

• How is data integrated for

mobility applications?

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers
Research Questions:
What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security?
 Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality?

 Are other communication technologies adequate?

 How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security?

Is positioning technology adequate?

 V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning

 Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers

Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles?

Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work?
Or, will a separate safety radio be required?
 Security messages may use significant communication overhead

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Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs
Privacy
Governance
Funding
Deployment approach
Data Ownership
Certification
Sustainability,
Risk & Liability

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Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment

Weather and Environmental Applications:

All require data from vehicle systems

May NOT require DSRC - Research Question

Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity

 What data?

 How frequently?
Research Questions
 To whom?

 For what use?

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Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

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Same Vision – New Pathways

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Summary – VII to IntelliDriveSM
 Vision remains the same
 New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to
the same vision
 DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I)
 DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits
 Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility
 Technical issues remain that could be game changers
 DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may
converge over time

We need to hold the vision

as research reveals the optimal
pathway
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