In July 2005.

The number of wireless telephones surpassed the number of landline telephones.

1983
Automobile Installations 1st Commercial Cellular Mobile Telephone Offerings

1995
Bag Phones Handheld Phones 1st Commercial Personal Communication Offerings

2005
Multi-Functional Devices Wireless use surpasses Wired Devices

Recent Wireless Developments

Adaptation of Standards Designed for WAN Environment Maturity & Stability of Vendors Acceptance of Users Declining Costs of Implementation Improved Performance
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Topology of a Wireless Network

Point-to-point Point-to-multipoint Mesh Smart Antenna Arrays

Topology of a Wireless Network

Point-to-point
Usually very high speed and high capacity Requires a clear line of sight to tower Backbone, or backhaul connectivity Corporate/Business Class service
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Topology of a Wireless Network

Point-to-multipoint
Similar technology to point-to-point network

Topology of a Wireless Network

Mesh Network
Distributed gateway devices Self healing network Uses multiple radios in tight formation Micro cell concept Relatively easy to deploy
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Topology of a Wireless Network

Smart Antenna Arrays
High powered & directional Switched Array of multiple access points Better obstruction penetration, but still limited Good for covering large open, or semi-open environments Coverage from high vantage points usually works best
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Unlicensed vs. Licensed

Unlicensed: Share spectrum (frequencies) with other users. Licensed: Spectrum (frequencies) are allocated to license holder by the FCC

Propagation Characteristics
900MHz
Multipath: High Foliage: Pine (Absorb Radiation)

2.4GHz
Multipath: Very High (Concrete, Brick, Steel) Foliage: Any Absorbs Radiation (water resonance)

5GHz
Multipath: Very High (Concrete, Brick, Steel, Foliage) Foliage: Limited Absorption As you increase the frequency, the coverage area decreases but potential data rates increase.
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Wireless Technologies
802.11a 802.11b (Wi-Fi) 802.11g (Wi-Fi) 802.11i (Security) 802.16 2004, e & f (WiMAX) Bluetooth (802.15) GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 3GSM GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) CDMA2000 CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) EvDO (Evolution Data Only)
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802.11a/b/g (Wi-Fi)
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbps
Less interference, more bandwidth Not as widely implemented, shorter range

802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps

Best over-all coverage range Not as fast as other technologies

802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps

Faster than 802.11b and better range than 802.11a Less range than 802.11b

802.11n 100Mbps, still in draft

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802.16 (WiMAX)
802.16d Also known as 802.16-2004
Point-to-multipoint only implementation Equipment available for Europe now, U.S. unlicensed band equipment expected 3Q 2005

802.16e Adds mobility

Still waiting IEEE final approval Equipment available in 2006??

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802.20
1 Mbps Mobile speeds of 100mph Could compete with 3G cellular Licensed band use only

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802.11i
Will provide improvements to WiFi security Still on the IEEE drawing board Will address security short comings in WEP Will add user authentication

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Evolution Data Only (EvDO)

Available in Larger Metro Areas
Offered by Sprint, Verizon, Other 700Mbps

Supports Streaming Video Monthly bit-per-second (bps) and Byte Charges

bps (demand) Bytes (total data transferred in a time period)
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Applications Categories
Provider Viewpoint- Services no longer structured around a connectivity technology or controlled by a single entity User Viewpoint- Process redesign that takes advantage of ubiquitous IP based connectivity access
The starting point in selecting the connectivity technology is understanding the new applications that are enabled and that will transform the way government conducts business. Focusing on the enabled applications allow choices to be driven by needs, not the technology.

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Applications Enabled With Wireless Technologies

High-speed Internet Access Remote Access to Internal Data Network Workforce Mobility/Portability Voice over IP (VoIP) Telephony Remote Training
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Public Safety Efficiency Enhancements

Mobile Data Terminals vs. Laptops
MDTs are slow, cumbersome, and allow limited data transmission Laptops connected to a mobile high-speed network allow much greater data transmission rates and throughput. Squad cars can easily:
Access criminal records with high-resolution photographs Access vehicle administration reports File reports Access Amber Alert System and Sex Offender Database View video surveillance remotely
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Public Safety Efficiency Enhancements

Applications for Fire and Ambulance Services
Fire trucks can download floor plans before arriving at the site of a fire Ambulances can access medical records en route to the hospital Ambulances can send patient information including vital signs to hospital before arrival
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Wireless ApplicationPermit, License & Code Enforcement System

Cleveland, Ohio: The City recently deployed a Web-based enterprise permit, license, and code enforcement system. The new system, deployed in 11 key departments, integrates activities citywide in one central data warehouse, provides on-line services to citizens, and powers more than 100 City inspectors with mobile devices to shift their operations directly to the field. Bringing multiple departments under a common database, providing citizen access to government services, and empowering inspectors with tools to access information in the field, will significantly impact the Citys ability to improve permit and inspection turnaround timeMayor Jane Campbell, Cleveland, Ohio
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Wireless Examples
Moorhead, MN
Provide essential service Serve college community

St. Louis Park, MN

Enhance economic development Enable mobile applications

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What are the Opportunities for Wireless Services in Your Community?

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Where Do You Feel There are Service and Availability Gaps?

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Does You Community Have an Overall Connectivity Strategy?

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In What Ways Might Wireless Fit into Meeting Your Goals and Objectives?

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Who are the Providers and What are the Assets Available for Wireless?

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The First Step is to Identify Your Goals & Objectives, and Your Measurements to Judge Success.
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The Role of Technology in Economic Development Planning

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Traditional Approach To Economic Development

Economic development strategies have traditionally invested in infrastructure:
Highways Water sources and sewer lines Reliable electric and gas services Railroads and ports Affordable land
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New Economic Development Strategies

Our information economy requires new economic development strategies to keep our communities economically viable Technology planning is an essential element of new economic development strategies

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A Technology Planning Process

Inventory available connectivity services Research the services needed by the community (survey business, institutions, and residents) Form a technology planning committee to develop a connectivity vision for the community Create a plan and move forward with the business case, implementation, etc.

Identify Gaps

Connectivity Time Line 31

Vision & Objectives

What do you desire to accomplish? What are the measurements of success? What user groups do you want to support? What issues & opportunities do you want to address? What are decision points to move forward? (Dont overlook the obvious things like training, education, and access to computers and the Internet for the disadvantaged!)
Caution: be aware of silver bullet consultants, attorneys, equipment vendors, and others promising revenues and other riches from technology deployment. Remember, every community is unique and cookie cutter approaches dont work. 32

Drivers for Municipalities: Fiber Optics and/or Wireless to Fill Gaps

MUNICIPALITY Cheyenne, Wyo. Corpus Christi, Texas PRIMARY DRIVER Traffic-signal management Automated meter reading for city-owned utilities, automatic vehicle location, and wireless permitting, inspections, and building assessements. T-1 replacement; access to remote county buildings Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD at 19.2 Kbps) replacement for public safety applications Integrated digital, voice and video for city buildings Municipal field-force productivity; promotion Bus passenger information dissemination Police field-force productivity improvement Police field-force productivity improvement Municipal applications and e-Government initiatives Video surveillance and enhanced security Source: Intel

Lewis & Clark County, Mont. Medford, Ore. Ocean City, Md. Pira, Brazil Portsmouth, U.K. San Mateo, Calif. Shanghai, China Spokane, Wash. Westminster, U.K.

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Benefits of Technology Planning

If your community has the right connectivity stuff significant economic and social benefits may result including:
New jobs (connectivity availability helps determine where businesses locate) New residents (connectivity determines where people live) Public safety (new technologies to aid law enforcement and first responders, video surveillance of critical infrastructure, streets, etc.) Increased tourism Distance learningshare instructional resources Telemedicinetap into remote medical resources E-governmentconnect with your citizens New workforce mobility applicationsimprove efficiency of mobile workers
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