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CHE F244
SOLIDLIQUID EXTRACTION
Separation ProcessesI
Department of Chemical Engineering
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad campus
SOLIDLIQUID EXTRACTION
Either recovery of solid from inert byproducts or
Removal of undesirable solids from the product of
interest
Examples
Extraction of oil from oil seeds (solid residue or cake
is the byproduct)
Extraction of defatted soy flour using aqueous
ethanol – sugars and other solids are removed and
residue is concentrated protein
STEPS
Contact between solid feed and solvent
Separation of solution or extract from exhausted
solid
Separation of solvent (and entrained solid),
followed by purification of product
Solvent recovery from moist solid
CLASSIFICATION
Diffusional extraction
MT resistance lies in the solid phase
Mostly in food processing, example sugar extraction
from sugar beet, coffee from beans etc.
Washing extraction
For small particle sizes, or thin flakes
Diffusional resistance is small
Leaching
Dissolution of solid component, accompanied by
chemical reaction, usually using acid/alkali
Example – leaching of ores in metallurgy
Chemical Extraction
Similar to leaching, but involves organic solutes
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF
OILSEEDS
Ref: BK Dutta
SOLIDLIQUID EXTRACTION
EQUILIBRIUM
Ternary system – inert solid carrier (A), solvent
(B), soluble solute (C)
Fine particles/flakes: small diffusional resistance, so
equilibrium can eventually be reached
Lumps or slices of solid: longer time to reach
equilibrium
If solute reacts with reagent in solution, leaching
occurs till either solid or reagent is exhausted
Overflow – clear liquid, underflow – slurry
Equilibrium data represented as solute
concentration in overflow and liquid
concentration in underflow
EXTRACTION CALCULATIONS
Ideal stage
Overflow and underflow have the same composition
Types
Batch, crossflow, counterflow
Important parameters
Rate of processing of solid feed
Solute content in feed
Fractional recovery of solute
Solvent rate and solute concentration if any
TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM
Mass fractions of solute are
plotted against solvent
concentration
Tie lines – equilibrium
concentrations in overflow and
underflow
SINGLE STAGE CONTACT
MULTISTAGE