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Mechanical Drives and Power Transmission

 CONTENTS

•Gear Drives
•Belt Drives
•Chain Drives
•Sprocket
•Roller Chain
 Gears and Gear Boxes

A gear is a form of disc, or wheel, that

has teeth around its periphery for the
purpose of providing a positive drive by
meshing the teeth with similar teeth on
another gear or rack.
 Types of gear

•External vs internal gears

•Spur
•Helical
•Bevel
•Double helical
An external gear is one with the teeth formed on the outer surface of a cylinder or
cone. Conversely, an internal gear is one with the teeth formed on the inner surface of
a cylinder or cone. For bevel gears, an internal gear is one with the pitch angle
exceeding 90 degrees. Internal gears do not cause output shaft direction reversal.[11]
Spur

An external gear is one with the teeth formed on the outer surface of a cylinder or cone.
Conversely, an internal gear is one with the teeth formed on the inner surface of a cylinder
or cone. For bevel gears, an internal gear is one with the pitch angle exceeding 90
degrees. Internal gears do not cause output shaft direction reversal.
Spur
Helical or "dry fixed" gears offer a refinement over spur gears. The leading edges of
the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the
gear is curved, this angling makes the tooth shape a segment of a helix.

Double helical gears overcome the problem of axial thrust presented by single
helical gears by using a double set of teeth, slanted in opposite directions. A double
helical gear can be thought of as two mirrored helical gears mounted closely
together on a common axle. This arrangement cancels out the net axial thrust, since
each half of the gear thrusts in the opposite direction, resulting in a net axial force of
zero. This arrangement can also remove the need for thrust bearings. However,
double helical gears are more difficult to manufacture due to their more complicated
shape.
 Belt Drives
• A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more
rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may
be used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently
or to track relative movement. Belts are looped
over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and
the shafts need not be parallel.
TYPES OF BELTS

•Flat belts
•Rope drives
•Round belts
•Spring belts
• Flat belts were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in line
shafting to transmit power in factories. They were also used in
countless farming, mining, and logging applications, such
as bucksaws, sawmills, threshers, silo blowers, conveyors for filling corn
cribs or haylofts, balers, water pumps (for wells, mines,
or swampy farm fields), and electrical generators. Flat belts are still
used today, although not nearly as much as in the line-shaft era.
• In the mid 19th century, British millwrights discovered that multi-
grooved pulleys connected by ropes outperformed flat pulleys
connected by leather belts. Wire ropes were occasionally used,
but cotton, hemp, manila hemp and flax rope saw the widest use.
Typically, the rope connecting two pulleys with multiple V-grooves
was spliced into a single loop that traveled along a helical path
before being returned to its starting position by an idler pulley that
also served to maintain the tension on the rope. Sometimes, a
single rope was used to transfer power from one multiple-groove
drive pulley to several single- or multiple-groove driven pulleys in
this way.
•
• Round belts are a circular cross section belt designed to run in a pulley with a 60 degree V-
groove. Round grooves are only suitable for idler pulleys that guide the belt, or when (soft) O-
ring type belts are used. The V-groove transmits torque through a wedging action, thus
increasing friction. Nevertheless, round belts are for use in relatively low torque situations only
and may be purchased in various lengths or cut to length and joined, either by a staple, a
metallic connector (in the case of hollow plastic), gluing or welding (in the case
of polyurethane). Early sewing machines utilized a leather belt, joined either by a metal staple
or glued, to great effect.
• Spring belts are similar to rope or round belts but consist of a long steel helical spring. They are
commonly found on toy or small model engines, typically steam engines driving other toys or
models or providing a transmission between the crankshaft and other parts of a vehicle. The
main advantage over rubber or other elastic belts is that they last much longer under poorly
controlled operating conditions. The distance between the pulleys is also less critical. Their
main disadvantage is that slippage is more likely due to the lower coefficient of friction. The
ends of a spring belt can be joined either by bending the last turn of the helix at each end by 90
degrees to form hooks, or by reducing the diameter of the last few turns at one end so that it
"screws" into the other end.
 Chain drivers
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical
power from one place to another. It is often used to
convey power to the wheels of a vehicle,
particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used
in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles.
Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain,
known as the drive chain or transmission
chain,[1] passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth
of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of
the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the
chain putting mechanical force into the system.
Advantages And disadvantages
Advantage
• No slippage
• More compact than belt
• Good for slow speeds
• Easier to install
• Not subject to deterioration
• Operates under wet conditions
• Less adjustment required
• Can drive several shafts
• Less costly than gear drives
Disadvantage
• Cannot be used where drive must slip
• Cannot except misalignment
• Noisy
• Causes vibration
• Needs frequent lubrication
• Small load capacity
• Shorter Service Live
 Sprocket
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with
teeth, or cogs ,that mesh with a chain, track or other
perforated or indented material.The name 'sprocket'
applies generally to any wheel upon which radial
projections engage a chain passing over it. It is
distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never
meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that
sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked
vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit rotary
motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or
to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the
most common form of sprocket may be found in the
bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-
wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small
sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel. Early automobiles
were also largely driven by sprocket and chain
mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles.
 Roller chain
Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type
of chain drive most commonly used for
transmission of mechanical power on many kinds
of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery,
including conveyors, wire- and tube-
drawing machines, printing
presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. It
consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held
together by side links. It is driven by a toothed
wheel called a sprocket. It is a simple, reliable,
and efficient[1] means of power transmission.
Though Hans Renold is credited with inventing
the roller chain in 1880, sketches by Leonardo da
Vinci in the 16th century show a chain with a roller
bearing.
 Preventive Maintenance

•Inspect for wear

•Lubricate
•Check chain sag
•Set tension
•Inspect sprockets
THANK YOU
GUIDED BY-DR SHIVRAMAN THAPLIYAL
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
SME KIIT UNIVERSITY
BHUBANESWAR
SUBMITTED BY -AMLAN MOHANTY 1726206

KUNAL ROY 1826301