BASICS OF GOVERNING

P K CHAKRABORTY
 Functions of Governing System
• To control the initial run up and synchronization of the
machine
• To control the turbine load when running in parallel with
other generating sets.
• To contain the speed rise within acceptable limits in case
of the unit getting disconnected from the load
• To provide protective gears to ensure the safe operation
of the turbine
Thus the individual TG governing system imply a need to
 withstand a full load rejection safely
 provide appropriate contributions to system
frequency control.
CONTROL
VALVE G
E
N
E
TURBINE R
A
T
O DISC
R

SPRING
 CONTROL
VALVE

TURBINE GEN

M M M M
 SPRING

FLY WEIGHT

SLEEVE
max
n1 H
n2 V
n3
0
FIXED CONTROL
FULCRUM VALVE

WORM
GEAR TURBINE
ROTOR
 2.5 MM 25 NB LINE

8 BAR

DRAIN
 TRANSIENT SPEED RISE

 INCREASE OF SPEED ON FULL LOAD THROW OFF

 7 TO 9 % OF RATED SPEED
 RATED SPEED 3000 RPM
 3210 TO 3270 RPM
 Governing Of Large Reheat Machines
On reheat machines it is necessary to control not only the hp
valves but also the interceptor (IP) valves because on a full
load rejection the stored steam in the reheater and the
associated pipe lines could be sufficient to overspeed the
machine to destruction. The characterstics of the IP valves
are such that they usually remain fully open over the
normal low range of the machine and the governing action
is achieved by throttling of the HP valves. This operating
regime is known as HP governing & is achieved by giving a
fixed bias to the IP valves.

However, the reheater control valves comes into

action during certain abnormal conditions like fast load
rejection or low load conditions with excessively high
reheater pressure, with the help of over riding controls
provided by features like load sheding relay, IP trimming
device etc.
 What is Droop?
% of frequency change ( % of RPM
change) will lead to full travel of
Governing valves or full load change.
5% droop means: 5%*50 Hz= 2.5 Hz
Will change 500MW. In terms of output
total change should take place is 100%