THE ANGLO-SCOTTISH WARS

Tudor COTTA, Cosmin UNGURIANU

“Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy of Sibiu
PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS
• I. BACKGROUND
• II. MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS
• III. IMPORTANT FIGURES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
• Until 1286 Scotland had its own
administration,regulation and rights
• Sporadical invasions of Scotland
• Kings of Scotland opposed but avoided
major confrontations
 I. BACKGROUND
• 1286 - death of Alexander II leaving his
granddaughter “The Maid of Norway” as heiress
• 1290 – death of Margaret “The Maid of Norway”
• Thirteen contenders to the crown
• 1291 – Edward I accepted as Overlord of Scotland
• May – August 1291 , 13 meetings – “The Great
Cause”
• November 1292 – John Balliol declared King of
Scots at Scone Abbey.
II. MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS
2.1. FIRST WAR OF SCOTTISH INDEPENDENCE
• Edward I craving for expanding his supremacy
• Failed attempts to take control of Scotland
• Rising of famous Scottish Rebels

2.1.1. WILLIAM WALLACE

• Atrocities of English administration
• Murdering of a commoner’s wife – William Wallace
• Rebbelion had raised within the country
• Fights agains English tyranny
• Defeats the English Army at Stirling Bridge
• Persecuted, tortured and killed

2.1.2. ROBERT THE BRUCE

• Tries to grow in the eyes of Edward I
• Invested himself as King of Scotland defiantly
• Edward I sends his troops and crushes the scots
• Crucial win at Stirling Castle against England
• Scotland regained its independence under his rulership
2.2 SECOND WAR OF SCOTTISH INDEPENDENCE

• With the death of Robert The Bruce the situation in

Scotland became tumultous
• The attempt of obeying Scotland went badly for
England
• The 15-years war did nothing but destroying Scottish
lowlands and impoverish the population
• The Stuart line was not doubted
2.3. THE ROUGH WOOING
• Breaking of relations with Rome
• Attacking Scotland in order to prevent a French
invasion
• Trying to force Scotland into a marriage alliance
 III. IMPORTANT FIGURES
3.1. SCOTTISH
• Alexander III – the only son of Alexander II
- Succesfully claimes the Western Isles after
defending a huge invasion
• John Balliol - known as Toom Tabard ( “empty
coat”) was king of Scots from 1292 to 1296
- in 1296 he abdicated and was imprisoned in The
Tower of London
• Robert the Bruce – was king of Scots from 1306
until his death in 1329
- one of the most famous warriors of his generation
• Andrew Moray – led the rising in North Scotland in
1297
- merged his forces with those of William Wallace
- mortally wounded at Battle of Stirling Bridge
• William Wallace – became one of the main leaders
during the first war of independence
- defeated an English army at Battle of Stirling Bridge
- was appointed Guardian of Scotland
- was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow and
handed to King Edward I
3.2. English
• Edward I – known as “Edward Longshanks” and “The
Hammer of the Scots”
- was King of England from 1272 to 1307
- reformed royal administration and common law
• Edward II – was king of England from 1307 to 1327
- accompanied his fathers campaigns to pacify Scotland
- was knighted in 1306 at Westminster Abbey
• Edward III – king of England from 1327 to 1377
- known for his military success
- had the second longest reign in Europe
- transformed the Kingdom of England in one of the
most powerful military powers in Europe
SUMMARY OF MAIN POINTS

I. BACKGROUND
II. MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS
III. IMPORTANT FIGURES
 CONCLUSION
• A lot of conciliatory moves needed in order
to keep the peace
• England finds Scottish independence
troubling
• Scottish nobles more interested in
possesions
THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION!