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The Cell As The Fundamental Unit of Life: The Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles
The Cell As The Fundamental Unit of Life: The Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles
Protista
Prokaryotes:
• No true nucleus
• No membrane-bound organelles
Cell Wall composed of peptidoglycan
Reproduce asexually by budding and fission
Very small (1 - 10 µm)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eu- Archae- Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
bacteria bacteria
Eukaria
Prokaryotes:
No true nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles like
mitochondria or chloroplasts
NO peptidoglycan in cell wall
Reproduce asexually by budding and fission
Very small (1 - 10 µm)
“Extreme” environments (high temperatures)
Prokaryotic
Cells
Eukaryotes
Eu- Archae- Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
bacteria bacteria
Eukaryotes:
True nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cell size generally 10 - 100 µm
At least 4 lineages:
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
Eukaryotic Cells
Typical Animal
Cell
The Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
Fluid mosaic model:
Working model of the membrane Protein
molecules bobbing in phospholipid sea Proteins
determine membrane’s specific functions
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Phospholipids
Most abundant lipid
Polar/hydrophilic head(attracted to water)
Pair of nonpolar/hydrophobic tails(repelled by water)
Hydrophilic
head
Hydrophobic
tails
Phospholipid bilayer:
Polar heads, outside & inside
Nonpolar tails in the interior
Cell Membranes
Rough and
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Receives substances from ER, refines and
packages them
Lysosome Function
Cytoskeleton
Cillia & Flagella- 9x2 arrangement
0.1 micrometer
Flagellum
Flagellar Movement
Ciliated Epithelium
Ciliary Movement
Ameboid Movement
Ex. WBC
Typical Plant Cell
Typical Plant
Cell
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
INQUIRY
1. Which kingdom do bacteria belong?
2. What is the difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic?
3. Compare a plant and animal cell.
4. What is the function of:
• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysozome
• Ribosomes
• Smooth and rough ER