PCIT 02 – Fundamentals of

Database Management System

Indicative Content:
1. Introduction to Database Management System
* Basic Concepts
* Database Modelling.

2. The Relation Model

* Relational Data Structures, database relations and keys.
* Representation of Relational Database Schemas
* Relational Integrity (Entities and relationship)

3. Structured Query Language

* Introduction, objectives and terminologies
* Data Manipulation
* Data definition
* Creating Procedures and Functions
* Creating Database Triggers
4. Entity Relationship Modelling and Logical Design
* Entity and Relationship Types
* Attributes
* Structural Constraints

5. Physical Database Design for Relational Database

* Comparison of Logical and Physical Database Design
* Methodology

6. Normalization
* Update anomalies
* Functional dependencies

7. Data Administration
* Transaction Management
* Concurrency Control

8. Data Security
* Threats and countermeasures

9. Building Web Application System

DBMS software:
WAMP SERVER

Platform soured code editor:

Notepad ++ Sublime text

Data

D a t a - raw facts/details

- unorganized facts that need to be processed.

Database
 W h a t is a database?

 Is a collection of information that is

organized so that it can easily be accessed,
managed and updated.
TWO KINDS OF DATABASE

Manual Database – created by hand.

Electronic Database- one that is created in a computer.

Database System Components
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. Procedures
5. Database Access Language
DBMS
- is a software in creating and managing
databases.

It allowsto:
- create databases-
- insert, update and delete data
- sort and query data
- create forms and reports
Why We Need DBMS
 T h e r e is an information explosion in today’s society

 N e e d to have right information at the right time to

make accurate decisions
Using DBMS
 Centralization of information management

 Data shared by different groups of users and

application programs

 Provision of multiple interfaces

 Advanced facilities for backup and recovery

DBMS Advantages
 Controlled redundancy
 D a t a Consistency/Integrity
 S h a r i n g of data
 Enforcement of security
 Enforcement of development and maintenance
standards
 D a t a independence
DBMS Disadvantages
 Centralized Database

 M o r e Disk Space

 Operationality of the system

 Security Risk
Three Levels of Database
Implementation(Concept of Abstraction)
1. Internal Level (Physical Level)
- It describes how data are actually stored on the storage medium.
2. Conceptual Level
- It describes what data are actually stored in database.
3. External Level (View Level)
- It describes the way in which the data are viewed by individual
user
Data Abstraction
Data Models
 M o d e l s generally allow people to conceptualize
 A data model is a way of explaining the logical
l a y o u t of the data and the relationship of various
parts to each other and the whole.
Data Models
 Hierarchical Model
Data Models
 N e t w o r k Model
Data Models
 Relational Model
Data Models
 T h e Relational Database Model:
 Relational database model, where all data are kept in
tables or relations.
 M o r e flexible & easy to use.
 Al most any item of data can be accessed more quickly
than the other models.
 Retrieval time is reduced so that interactive access
becomes more feasible.
 T h i s is what is referred to as Relational
Database Management System(RDBMS)
How do I design adatabase?
„ Logicaldesign
™Determine and define fields, tables, keys, and
data integrity
„ Physicalimplementation
™Creating tables, establishing key fields, and
table relationships
„ Application development
™Determine end-user tasks