FIRST AID AND

BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
 Is any care given to an
injured or ill person before
professional medical
assistance arives on the
scene to take control of the
situation.

FIRST AID
Preserve life
Prevent further harm
and complications
Provide reassurance

OBJECTIVES
 Protect yourself and others at all
times against injury or harm-
person delivering first aid should
not become casualty.
 Wear protective gloves when
administering first aid to protect
against infection.

NOTE!
 PRIMARY
ASSESSMENT
D for danger
R for responses
A for airway
B for breathing
C for circulation

DRABC
 Check for danger, or life-
threatening hazards.
 If there is danger around,
you need to move with
your casualty to prevent
further injury to anyone.

DANGER
 Try and get a response from the
casualty by gently tapping his or her
shoulder and calling his or her name.
 Avoid shaking them as this may worsen
an existing injury.
 Get a history- what happen?, how do
you feel?, do you have pain? Then
check if there is evidence of bleeding,
broken bones, swelling, etc.

RESPONSE
 If the victim is not breathing,
open the airway.
 Remove any visible
obstructions from the mouth
and nose to unblock the
airways.

AIRWAY
 Check breathing by looking or listening
for up to 10 secs to their mouth.
 If casualty is not breathing, administer
rescue breathing/mouth to mouth
resuscitation.
 If casualty is breathing: continue to
monitor , note their respiration rate so
it can be communicated to
professionals when they arrive.

BREATHING
 Check to see if the person has a
pulse.
 Without pulse, there is no heart
beating and there is no circulation.
 If the casualty is not breathing
and there is no pulse, administer
CPR(Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation)

CIRCULATION
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
CARRYING
 Support the victim’s head, neck and
back, if necessary.
 When possible, move forward rather
than backward.
 Always look where you are going
 Walk carefully using short steps.
 Only attempt to move a person
when you are sure that you can
handle him/her.

NOTE:
 Grasp the victim by both
ankels or pant cuffs.
 Keep your back as
straight and in-line as
possible
 Keep aware that the
head is unsupported and
may be bounce over
bumps and surface
imperfections.

ANKLE PULL
 Grasp the victim by the clothing under the
shoulders.
 Keep your arms on both sides of the head.
 Try to keep the pull straight and in-line as
possible.

SHOULDER PULL
  Place the victim on the
blanket by using the
“log roll”.
 Wrap the blanket
corners around the
victim.
 Keep your back as
straight as possible.
 Use your legs, not your
back.
 Try to keep the pull as
straight and in-line as
possible.

BLANKET PULL
ONE-MAN CARRY
 This technique is for
carrying a victim
longer distances. It is
very difficult to get
the person up to this
position from the
ground. It requires a
very strong rescuer
or an assistant.
 The victim is carried
over one shoulder.

FIREFIGHTER CARRY
  Place both the victim’s arms
over your shoulders.
 Cross the victim’s arms,
grasping the victim’s opposite
wrist.
 Pull the arms close to your
chest.
 Squat slightly and drive your
hips into the victim while
bending slightly at the waist.
 Balance the load on your hips
and support the victim with
your legs.

PACK-STRAP CARRY
 Start with the
victim on the
ground.
 The concious victim
will stand with
rescuer assistance.
 The rescuers place
their hands around
the victim’s waist.
HUMAN
CRUTCH/TWO
PERSON DRAG
 Reach under the victim and
grasp one wrist on the
opposite rescuer.
 The rescuers on the ends will
only be able to grasp one
wrist on the opposite rescuer.
 The rescuers with only one
wrist grasped will use their
free hands to support the
victim’s head and feet/legs.

HAMMOCK CARRY
  Each person kneels on
the knee nearest the
victim’s feet.
 On the command of the
person at the head, the
rescuers lift the victim
up and rest the victim
on their knees.

THREE-PERSON CARRY
OR STRETCHER LIFT
 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
 A life saving technique useful in many
emergencies, including a heart attack or
near drowning, in which someone’s
breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

CPR
 Automated External Defibrillator
 Situations when not to use AED:
The victim is less tha 1 year old
The victims has a hairy chest
The victim is immersed in water
or water is covering the victim’s
chest.
The victim has an implanted
defibrillator or pacemaker.

AED
 Is the loss of blood escaping from
the circulatory system.

TYPES:
1. Arterial Bleeding
2. Venous bleeding
3. Capillary bleeding

To Control the bleeding:

Direct Pressure

BLEEDING
A wound where the outer layer of
the skin is intact and the damage
lies below the surface.

SIGNS:
-Tender, swollen, bruised or hard
areas of the body.
-Skin looks pale or bluish.

CLOSED WOUND
 Apply an ice pack
 Elevate the injured part
 Do not assume that all
closed wounds are minor
injuries.
 Help the person to rest

FIRST AID
◦TYPES:
1.Abrasions
2.Lacerations
3.Amputation
4.Puncture

OPEN WOUND
 Apply direct pressure
 Wash the wound with clean water
and anti-bacterial soap
 Apply povidine-iodine (PVP-I) or
ointment cream
 Cover the wound with a sterile
dressing.
 Wash your hands immediately
after giving care.

FIRST AID (MINOR WOUNDS)

  Call the local emergency number.
 Control bleeding by applying direct
pressure or employing a pressure
bandage.
 Monitor airway and breathing.
 Have the person rest comfortably
and provide reassurance.
 Wash your hands immediately
after giving care.
FIRST AID (MAJOR OPEN WOUNDS)
 To create pressure over an
area
 To support and protect
wound from contamination
 To reduce bleeding
 To secure a splint or
dressing

BANDAGING
 WRIST INJURY
 SHOULDER INJURY
 CHEST INJURY
 HAND HORIZONTAL INJURY
 HAND VERTICAL INJURY
 ARM/ ELBOW INJURY
 SCALP INJURY
 FOREHEAD INJURY
 EAR CHEEK JAW INJURY

INJURIES
 SCALP INJURY
 FOREHEAD INJURY
 EAR CHEEK JAW INJURY
Type:
1. Head Injury
2. Concussion
3. Spinal Injury
HEAD and SPINE
INJURIES
 Call the local emergency number.
 Minimize movement of the head, neck
and back
 Check for life-threatening conditions
 Maintain open airways.
 Monitor Conciousness and breathing.
 Control any external bleeding with
direct pressure unless the bleeding is
located directly over a suspected
fracture.
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 Types: First Aid:
1. Strain R- Rest
2. Sprain I- Immobilize
3. Dislocation C- Cold
4. Fracture E- Elevate

BONES, JOINTS and

MUSCLE INJURIES
 Is a partial or complete loss of
conciousness resulting from a temporary
reduction of blood flow to the brain.

CAUSES:
-An emotionally stressful event
-Pain
-Heart Disease
-Overexertion
-Preganant Women and Elderly

FAINTING
 Position the victim on his or her
back
 Keep the victim in a lying
position
 Loosen any restrictive clothing,
such as tie or buttoned-up collar
 Do not give the victim anything
to eat or drink.

FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

 Signs:
1. Paleness
2. Muscle Cramps
3. Tiredness and weakness
4. Dizziness
5. Headache
6. Fast, weak pulse rate
HEAT EXHAUSTION
 Remove the patient from the hot
environment. Fan the body,
place ice bags, or spray water on
the skin
 Start oral rehydration with a
beverage containing salt, or
make them drink an Oral
Rehydration Solution (ORS).

FIRST AID MANAGEMENT