FIRST

AID
Emergency Medical Services
Quezon City Fire District
FIRST
AID
Immediate care given
to a person who has
been injured or
suddenly taken ill
FIRST
AID
Assessments and
interventions, with
minimal or no medical
equipment
 OBJECTIVES

To prevent
added/ further
injury or
danger
 OBJECTIVES

To prolong life/
save limbs
 OBJECTIVES

To alleviate
pain and
suffering
HINDRANCES IN GIVING
FIRST AID
Unfavorable
surroundings
PRESENCE OF
CROWD
PRESSURE FROM
VICTIM/
RELATIVES
TRANSMISSION OF
DISEASES
DIRECT
CONTACT
Occurs when a
person touches an
infected person's
body fluids
INDIRECT
CONTACT
Occurs when a person
touches objects that have
been contaminated by
blood and other fluid of an
infected person.
AIRBORNE

Occurs when the person

inhales infected droplets as
an infected person coughs
or sneezes
BODY SUBSTANCE
ISOLATION
Are precautions taken to
isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from any other
type of bodily substance
PRECAUTIONS TO
PREVENT DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Are precautions taken to
isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from any other
type of bodily substance
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PERSONAL
HYGIENE
DISINFECTING
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
Suggested First Aid Kit
-gloves
-Rubbing alcohol
-Povidone Iodine
-Cotton
-Gauze pads
-Tongue depressor
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
-Penlight
-Band aid
-plaster
-occlusive dressing
-elastic roller bandage
-triangular bandages
-forceps
-scissors
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
Basic Equipment
-Spine board
-Blanket
-splints
-poles
-Short board / Kendrick’s
-Extrication Device
 WARNING
THE FOLLOWING IMAGES
MAY BE DISTURBING TO SOME
VIEWERS.
WOUNDS
Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of
the body either internal or external.
R
REST– rest and protect the injured or sore area. Stop, change, or
take a break from any activity that may be causing your pain or
soreness

I ICE APPLICATION – ice or cold packs will slow down the

flow of blood due to the constricting of blood vessels.

C COMPRESSION – manual compression over the area of injury

will compress the blood vessels and decrease bleeding.

E ELEVATION – decreases the amount of swelling.

KINDS OF OPEN
WOUNDS
DANGERS
• HEMORRHAGE
• INFECTION
• SHOCK
WOUND WITH
SEVERE BLEEDING
CONTROL
COVER
CARE
CONSULT
P
PROTECTION- Protect the area to avoid pain and further injury.
PRESSURE–  locate pressure point and apply firm pressure directly to the
bleeding site.

R REST– rest the injured or sore area. Stop, change, or take a break from any
activity that may be causing your pain or soreness.

I ICE APPLICATION – ice or cold packs will slow down the flow of blood due to
the constricting of blood vessels.

C COMPRESSION – manual compression over the area of injury will compress the
blood vessels and decrease bleeding.

E ELEVATION – decreases the amount of swelling.

BURNS
Injuries involving the skin,
including muscles, bones,
nerves & blood vessels.
May be cause by HEAT,
CHEMICALS, ELECTRICITY,
SOLAR or FORMS OF
RADIATION
COMMON CAUSES

Carelessness with match

and cigarette smoking
COMMON CAUSES

Scald from Hot Liquid

COMMON CAUSES

Defective Heating,
Cooking, &
Electrical Equipment
COMMON CAUSES

Use of chemicals, as lye,

strong acids, and
strong detergents
COMMON CAUSES

Immersion in
overheated
bath water
FACTORS TO
DETERMINE
THE SERIOUSNESS
OF BURNS
THE DEPTH
SUPERFICIAL
(FIRST DEGREE)
BURNS
 PARTIAL
(SECOND DEGREE)
BURNS
 FULL
THICKNESS
(THIRD
DEGREE)
BURNS
RULE OF
NINES
THE EXTENT
TO THE
AFFECTED BODY
SURFACE AREAS
LOCATION
Burns on the face,
hands, feet and
genitals are more
severe than on other
body parts
TYPES OF
BURNS
THERMAL
BURN
CARE FOR FIRST
AND SECOND
DEGREE

Immerse in
cold water
CARE FOR FIRST
AND SECOND
DEGREE

Cover the burn with a dry,

non-sticking, sterile
dressing or a clean cloth
 CARE FOR
THIRD DEGREE

Treat the victim for shock by

elevating the legs and keeping the
victim warm with a clean sheet or
blanket
CHEMICAL BURN
Chemicals will continue to
cause tissue destruction
until the chemical agent is
removed.
CARE FOR
CHEMICAL BURNS
Immediately remove the
chemical by flushing with
water.
If chemical is in the eye,
flood it for at least 20min.,
using low pressure.
CARE FOR
CHEMICAL BURNS
Flush for 20min. or
longer. Let the victim
wash with a mild soap
before a final rinse.
CARE FOR
CHEMICAL BURNS
Remove the victim’s
contaminated clothing
while flushing with
water.
CARE FOR
CHEMICAL BURNS
Cover the burned area
with a dry dressing.
ELECTRICAL
BURNS
Unplug, disconnect or turn off
power. If impossible, call the
Power Company or ask for
help.
ELECTRICAL
BURNS
Check the ABC’s.
ELECTRICAL
BURNS
If the victim fell,
check for spine injury.
ELECTRICAL
BURNS
Treat the victim for
shock.
ELECTRICAL
BURNS
Seek medical attention
immediately. Electrical injuries
are treated in burn center.
BANDAGING
A bandage should fit snugly but should not cut off
circulation or cause the victim discomfort. If the area
beyond the wound changes in color, begins to tingle
or feel cold, or if the wound starts to swell—means
that the bandage is too tight and should be loosened.
BANDAGING
Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least
1 inch beyond the edges of the wound.

If body tissues or organs are exposed, cover the

wound with a dressing that will not stick, such as
plastic wrap or moistened gauze. Then secure the
dressing with a bandage or adhesive tapes.
DRESSING

Are precautions taken to

isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from any other type
of bodily substance
BANDAGES
Are clean cloth materials,
sterile or not, use to hold
the dressing in place.
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
TOP OF THE
HEAD
 FACE/BACK
OF THE HEAD

CHEST/BACK
OF THE CHEST
FOOT
 UNDERARM
SLING

ARM SLING
SHOE ON

SHOE OFF
 PALM PRESSURE
BANDAGE HORIZONTAL/
PALM BANDAGE (OPEN
HAND) VERTICAL

SHOULDER;HIP ELBOW;KNEE STRAIGHT/BENT

 EAR;
CHEEK;
JAW

ARM; LEG

FOREHEAD
OR EYE
DISLOCATION
A dislocated bone can put pressure
on nearby blood vessels and impair
or cut off circulation below the
injury.
IMMOBILIZATION
BASIC PRINCIPLES
• Don’t do anything that causes more pain to the
casualty.
• Immobilize the injured area in the position of
greatest comfort.
• When realignment of a limb is required, steady and
support the limb and if medical help is delayed,
splint in the position found.
• Check distal circulation before and after
immobilization.
TYPES OF FRACTURE
SPLINTING
SPLINTING
BASIC PRINCIPLES
• Should be done without causing pain or discomfort.
• Splint an injury in the position you find it.
• Splint injured areas and the joint above and below the injury.
• Check circulation before and after splint is applied.
TYPES OF SPLINTS
RIGID
SOFT
ANATOMICAL
COMMERCIALIZED

AVAILABLE IN THE
MARKET
IMMOBILIZATION
BA S IC L IF E
S U P POR T
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
QUEZON CITY FIRE DISTRICT
 Heart
diseases are
the number 1
killer in our
country. ( D O H
S t a ti s ti c s )
 EARLY
ACCESS
A w e l l - i n fo r m e d
person is the
ke y
EARL
Y CPR
S i g n i fi c a n t l y
improves
survival
10 MINUTES
W I THO UT O XY G EN TO THE BRAI N
W I LL RES ULT TO I RREVERSI BLE
BRAI N DAMA G E
 TIME I S CRI T I CAL
If CPR is effectively done immediately, it can
double a victim’s chance of survival.
PPE IS
ON
ARE YOU READY ?
HOW TO PERFORM

CPR
 C H ECK FOR
R ESPO NSIV ENESS

If unresponsive,
roll victim on
his/her back
C ALL
FOR
HELP
HEAD TILT
CHIN LIFT
For non-trauma patients
JAW THRUST v

For trauma patients

PALPATING
THE CAROTID
PULSE

10 seconds
LOOK
LISTEN
FEEL

Done
simultaneously
C- Do chest
compressions first

A- Does the victim

have an open airway

B- Is the victim
breathing?
 INTERLOCK
FINGERS
Proceed immediately to
Chest Compressions!
C OM PR ES S I O N CO MP R ES S ION
RAT E D EP TH
100-120 per minute At least 2-2.4
inches

ALLO W F U LL MIN IMIZE

C HE S T R E CO I L PAU S ES
after each compression in compression
 3 0 :2
P US H HA RD
P US H FA S T

5 CYCLES
 C OUNTI NG
1 2 3 4 5…20 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
 OR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10…29 1
RESCUE
BRE ATHS
G IV E 1 B REAT H E VE RY 6
SECO N DS ( 10 B R EATH S/ M IN )
ENOUGH TO CAUSE CHEST
RISE
DELIVER EACH BREATH OVER
1 SECOND
 HANDS
O NLY
CPR
RE C OMMEN D E D F OR M
O F CA R DIO PU LMO NA RY
RE SU S CITAT IO N (CP R )
R ECO VERY
P OSI TION
To help protect the
airway

If no neck trauma is
suspected
 FOREIGN
BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
UNIVERSAL SIGN OF
CHOKING
In tri ns i c Ext ri n si c
-To n g u e -F o rei g n
-Blo o d bo d i e s
-Re g u rg i t at ed
s to mac h
c on ten t s
NEVER
INTERV ENE
If the victim is
-coughing
effectively
-able to speak
even in whisper
Yo u r a t t e m p t t o
dislodge the
foreign body at
this stage can
cause further
obstruction
HEIMLICH
MANEUVER
 IF V IC TIM
B EC O MES
UNC ON SC IOU S
Fo re ig n bo dy che
P os i ti o n v i ct i m ck
o n b ac k o r h ard
-fingCa
er
su swe
l l rf ep
ac e
f or help
STA R T C PR
R E S C U E B R E AT H I N G
- O p e n a i r w a y, p i n c h n o s e , g i v e
breath
-Check for chest rise
-Give 2nd breath
-Check for breathing and pulse
-Give 1 breath every 5 seconds
 CHEST
THRUSTS
FOR
PREGNANT
PATIENTS
SEL F
HEI ML I CH
M ANEUVER
HEIML I CH
MANE UVE R FO R
CHIL DREN
 FBAO
FOR
INFANTS
 FOR CONSCIOUS
5 BACK 5 CHEST
BLOWS THRUSTS
START CPR IF
INFANT
BECOMES
UNCONSCIOUS

USE ONLY 2 FINGERS

FOR CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
IF OBJEC T
B EC OM ES
V ISIB LE
Foreign body check

-finger sweep
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