 Reformation

Counter Reformation
 Problems With The Church
1. Corruption in the Catholic Church.
Many of the popes were more concerned with politics than faith
Many Church officials used their offices to advance their careers, wealth, and families.

Simony the buying and selling of Church offices

2. Many local priests seemed ignorant of their spiritual duties, especially on instructing
people on how to achieve salvation acceptance into Heaven

3. The Church preached gaining indulgences by venerating saints, obtaining holy relics, or
buying an indulgence certificate Indulgence release from all or part of the punishment for sin

4. Most people found the Church unconcerned with their spiritual needs.
A former law student at Erfurt
University and a Professor of a
Philosophy at the University of
Wittenberg in Germany.

October 31, 1571 – Luther nailed to the

doorpost of the All Saints Church in
Wittenberg a copy of his work
“ Ninety-five Theses”, were he attacked
the ecclesiastical abuses and listed all
that he found wrong with the Church of
Rome.
• He was upset by the widespread selling of indulgences
• In 1517 Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the Church in
Wittenberg.
• It attacked abuses in the Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.

• Luther rejected the Catholic teaching that both faith and

good works were necessary for salvation.
• Luther’s beliefs
*Salvation was through faith alone.
*The only head of the Christian Church was Jesus and not the pope

*Individual Christians should be their own interpreters of scripture.

* The Bible, not the Church, became the primary source of religious truth.
Protestant Reformation
- The aim of the Protestant reformers was religious moralism.
- Education must provide and equate training in the duties of home.
- It also promoted parental discipline and a sound family life as the
foundations of good government.

3 types of Protestant Schools:

1. Vernacular School
2. Secondary School
3. University School
Philip Melanchton
• One of the greatest scholars who made o survey of what was in Germany.
• An influential designer of educational system.

Methods used in school were reading and correct pronunciation of words,

memorization of answer from the gospel, hymns and psalms.
Religious indoctrine was the chief method.
• It was also known as Catholic Revival or Catholic Reformation.
• It was a Reform movement in the Catholic Church.
• GOALS:
- Stop the Protestant movement.
- improve conditions of the church.
- Council of Trent: They created catechism and new school, they founded
new orders, they reformed some orders.
How the counter Reformation happened?
 The Council of Trent (1545), Church members decided to
redefine some religious doctrines of the Catholic Church.

 They decided on decrees to set rules on monastic reform, the chastity of

priests and more.

 New churches were constructed to accommodate thousands of people and

with acoustics for vernacular sermons.
 The Jesuits schools were designated to train leaders through the following:
1. Doing a small amount of work at a time and doing it well;
2. Two steps in the teaching method: Preselection and repetition;
3. Adapting the lesson to the abilities and interest of the children;
4. student participation through the question and answer method;
5. Repetition for mastery;
6. Review; and
7. Motivation by rivalry and emulation.

The Christian brothers were designated to teach the poor.

They employed two methods:
1. Grade pupils according to ability; and
2. Making children to recite not to the teacher but to the class.
Jansenists taught the vernacular through phonetic method; nothing
was memorized unless understood. They used textbooks as aids to
teaching.

Jansenists taught the vernacular through phonetic method; nothing

was memorized unless understood. They used textbooks as aids to
teaching.