ISOMERISM

Prepared by:
Jenifer M. Fuentes
MAT - Science
What is Isomerism?
What is Isomerism?
 Isomers
◦Each of two or more
compounds with the
same formula but a
different
arrangement of
atoms in the
molecule and
different properties.
 ISOMERISM

STRUCTURAL
STEREOISOMERISM
ISOMERISM

CHAIN POSITION FUNCTIONAL GEOMETRIC OPTICAL

STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
◦Same molecular
formula but different
structural formula
Types of Structural Isomerism
CHAIN ISOMERISM
◦ Chain isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different
arrangements of the carbon ‘skeleton’

Butane
Iso - Butane
POSITION ISOMERISM
◦ Position isomers are based on the movement of a ‘functional group’ in the molecule.

Prophyl alcohol
Isoprophyl alcohol
FUNCTIONAL ISOMERISM
◦ In functional isomerism, the same sets of atoms are re-arranged in such a way that the
two functional isomers have significantly different properties from each other due to
their containing different functional groups.
 STEREOISOMERISM
◦ stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same
molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms
(constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of
their atoms in space.
Types of Stereoisomerism
Geometric Isomerism
◦ Geometric isomerism is a kind of stereoisomerism. It is also known as cis-trans isomerism
or E-Z isomerism. Geometric isomerism occurs due to the restricted rotation about
carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-carbon single bonds in cyclic compounds
Optical Isomers
◦ each of two or more forms of a compound that have the same
structure but are mirror images of each other and typically differ
in optical activity.
Are the compounds shown below
isomers?

Yes or No
Classify the type of isomerism (if any)
shown by the compounds below.

Functional Optical
Chain
Position Geometric
Classify the type of isomerism (if any)
shown by the compounds below.

Functional Optical
Chain
Position Geometric
Classify the type of isomerism (if any)
shown by the compounds below.

Functional Optical
Chain
Position Geometric
THANK YOU…!!!! 