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What Is FRP ?: Fiber (Carbon, Glass)
What Is FRP ?: Fiber (Carbon, Glass)
General Composition :
Fiber [Carbon,Glass]
+
Resin [Polymers]
TYPES OF FRP
Common Fibre Types:
Aramid(AFRP):
- Extremely Sensitive to environment conditions
Glass(GFRP):
- Subject to creep under high sustained loading
- Subject to degradation in Acidic or Alkaline environment
- Most Widely used
Carbon(CFRP):
- Premium Cost
Basalt:
- The future of FRP fibres?
What is fibre ?
Fiber is the basic filament from which yarn is spun which is further woven
into fabric, knit fabric, lace, felt, non-woven etc by means of an
appropriate interlacing method is called as textile fiber.
Fibers can be natural like cotton, flax, hemp, wool or silk or
A fiber that can be spun into yarn or processed into textile such as a
woven fabric.
FORMS OF FRP
Used in many differerent forms:
Advantages:
- Higher strength & flexibility than Vinyl esters
- Very high Chemical/Environmental resistance
- Higher Mechanical Properties than Vinyl esters
Disadvantages:
- Higher costlier than Vinyl esters
Examples
-
Epoxy resin
Advantages:
- High Mechanical and thermal properties
- High Moisture resistance
- Long Working time available
- High temperature Resistance
Disadvantages:
- More expensive than Polyurethanes resins
- Critical Mixing/Consistancy
- Corrosive handling
Examples:
-
What are Thermoplastic resins?
Common Thermoplastic Resin Types:
Polycarbonate
Acental Copolymer Polyoximethylene
Acental Homopolymer Polyoximethylene
Polyethylene
Polypropylene(PP)
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC)
Polyvinyledene fluride
Chlorinated PVC
Teflon
Acrylic
FRP Manufacturing Processes
Manufacturing processes:
Predominant processes:
- Pultrusion
- Vacuum Infusion
Other processes:
- Hand layup
- Wet layup
- Filament winding
- Bladder Moulding
- Compression Moulding
What is UN1866 ?
UN 1866 is the one of the UN No from 1801 to 1900 as assign by the
United National committee of expert on transportation for dangerous
goods.
UN 1866 code made for Flammable class liquid solution resins for
transportation.
UN 1866 meets the requirements of 49 CFR 172.500 for domestic and
international shipments of hazardous materials by highway, rail and water.
Your compliance is our top priority. In the code “49 CFR 172.500 “ 49 –
define the transportation No , and CFR means Code of federal regulation,
and 172.500 defines Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions,
Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information,
And Training Requirements.
FRP Pultrusion Process
Pultrusion processing:
Linear,continuous process
Reinforcing(Roving & Mats) Saturated with resin
Pulled through Heated die
Chemical reaction occurs as it cures(Polymerisation)
The resine saturated reinforcements exit the die the die in solid state & in
the form of cross section of die.
Types of products produced:
- Structure shape w/ constant cross section
- GFRP/CFRP Reinforcing bars & CFRP Pre-stressing bars.
FRP Pultrusion Process
Pultrusion processing:
FRP Pultrusion Process
Pultrusion processing:
Contineous Strad Mats : Reinforcement in any direction; consistent along
length of memebers.
FRP wet layup Process
Hand layup process:
Advanytages:
- Low cost
- Room temperature curing resin used
- Used for producing large parts with less complexity in shapes.
Disadvantage:
- Low concentration of reinforcing phase( upto 30%)& Low
densification of the composites(entrape air bubbles)
- More time consuming
- Labour consuming
FRP wet layup Process
Wet layup process types:
Manual hand resin wet layup
Spray gun resin wet layup
FRP Hand wet layup Process
Hand layup process:
Advantages:
- Low cost
- Room temperature curing resin used
- Used for producing large parts with less complexity in shapes.
Disadvantage:
- Low concentration of reinforcing phase( upto 30%)& Low
densification of the composites(entrape air bubbles)
- More time consuming
- Labour consuming
FRP Hand wet layup Process
Hand layup process:
A pigment gel is firstly spayed on mould for high quality surface
After curing of gel coat reinforced chopped strand mat & woven
rovings are placed on mould
The catalysed resin is poured on mat surface
Manual Rolling then remove entrap air and thoroughly wet the
reinforcement surface With resin
Additional mat and woven rovings and resins then added for thickness
A catalyst or accelerator initiate curing into resign system which
harden the composite without any external heat.
FRP Hand wet layup Process
Hand layup process:
FRP Spray wet layup Process
Spray wet layup process:
Advanytages:
- Low cost
- Faster production than hand resin layup
- Used for producing large parts with more complexity in shapes.
Disadvantage:
- Labour consuming
FRP Spray wet layup Process
Spray wet layup process:
A pigment gel is firstly spayed on mould for high quality surface
After curing of gel coat reinforced chopped strand mat & woven
rovings are placed on mould
The catalysed resin is sprayed through resin spray gun on mat surface
Manual Rolling then remove entrap air and thoroughly wet the
reinforcement surface With resin
Additional mat and woven rovings and resins then added for thickness
A catalyst or accelerator initiate curing into resin system which harden
the composite without any external heat.
FRP Spray wet layup Process
Spray wet layup process:
FRP Filament winding Process
Filament winding process:
Advantages:
- High strength Pipe are possible to manufacture due to winding
design in various direction like hoop/helical
- High Production rate due to high Winding speed of 100m/min
- High quality can be achieved
- Layers of different material can be use.
Disadvantages:
- high Production cost than hand layup process
- high skilled person required to handle CNC machine
- Limited only for manufacturing of round or cylindrical products
FRP Filament winding Process
Filament winding process:
Firstly round or circular Mould or pattern is made as per dimensional requirement.
Placing of mould on predefined Mandrel.
A pigment gel or tape of resin is then Placed on mould for high quality surface
After curing of gel coat reinforced chopped strand mat are wraped on mould
The catalysed resin is sprayed or placed through resin spray gun or by hand manualy on
mat surface
Manual Rolling then remove entrap air and thoroughly wet the reinforcement surface
With resin
Woven rovings or filaments with resin is wrapped around circumferentially with helical
or hoop pattern as per requirements
Additional woven rovings and resins then added for thickness.
A catalyst or accelerator initiate curing into resin system which harden the composite
without any external heat.
FRP Pipe by Filament winding
Process: