Artificial Intelligence – ACM Tech Talk

Dr. Noman Islam

Iqra University
20th April, 2017
Motivation
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Turing Test
 The Turing Test was proposed by Alan
Turing (1950)
 Operational definition of intelligence
 The computer should be interrogated by a
human via a teletype, and passes the test
if the interrogator cannot tell if there is a
computer or a human at the other end.
 Turing deserves credit for designing a test
that remains relevant 60 years later
The Deep Learning Phenomena
 47% of Jobs Will Disappear in the next 25 Years,
According to Oxford University
 By 2034, just a few decades, mid-level jobs will
be by and large obsolete
 Accountants, doctors, lawyers, teachers,
bureaucrats, and financial analysts beware: your
jobs are not safe.
 According to The Economist, computers will be
able to analyze and compare reams of data to
make financial decisions or medical ones
‘We’re about to face labor
displacement of a
magnitude we haven’t
seen since the 1930s.’
Andrew Ng, chief scientist at Chinese Internet giant
Baidu, on how AI will impact what we do for a living
The AI Gold Rush
DeepMind’s AlphaGo beats Lee Sedol 4-1 in Go (2015) !!
Deep Learning played Atari better !!

Enduro, Atari 2600

Expert player: 368 points

Deep Learning: 661 points
Impact of deep learning in speech
technology
Deep Learning
Topics in AI
 Image Processing
 Speech Recognition
 Natural Language Processing
 Robotics
 Machine Learning
 Deep Learning
 Deep Learning
It’s deep learning that has opened the
door to driverless cars, speech-
recognition engines and medical-
analysis systems that are sometimes
better than expert radiologists at
identifying tumors.
Machine Learning/Deep Learning
 Machine learning is best defined as the transition
from feeding the computer with programs
containing specific instructions in the forms of
step-by-step rules or algorithms to feeding the
computer with algorithms that can “learn” from
data and can make inferences “on their own.”
 The computer is “trained” by data which is
labeled or classified based on previous outcomes,
and its software algorithms “learn” how to predict
the classification of new data that is not labeled
or classified.
Common machine learning tasks
 Classification: the learning algorithm is usually
asked to produce a function f:Rn→ {1, . . . , k}.
An example of a classification task is object
recognition, where the input is an image
 Regression: In this type of task, the computer
program is asked to predict a numerical value
given some input. To solve this task, the learning
algorithm is asked to output a function f :Rn→ R
 Machine Translation: In a machine translation
task, the input already consists of a sequence of
symbols in some language, and the computer
program must convert this into a sequence of
symbols in another language.
 Anamoly Detection: In this type of task, the
computer program sifts through a set of events
or objects, and flags some of them as being
unusual or atypical. An example of an anomaly
detection task is credit card fraud detection.
Machine Learning
 Features
 Training
 Supervised Learning
 Unsupervised Learning
Why Deep Learning
 However, they have not succeeded in solving the
central problems in AI, such as recognizing
speech or recognizing objects.
 The challenge of generalizing to new examples
becomes exponentially more difficult when
working with high-dimensional data
 The mechanisms used to achieve generalization
in traditional machine learning are insufficient to
learn complicated functions in high-dimensional
spaces.
Deep Learning Techniques
 Multilayer Perceptron
 Convolutional Neural Network
 Recurrent Neural Network
 LSTM
Applying Deep Learning
Company Deep Learning Tools
Amazon Amazon’s Deep Scalable Sparse Tensor
Network Engine (DSSTNE)

Amazon Amazon Web Service Machine Learning API

Google Google API
Google Tensor Flow
Microsoft Microsoft Distributed Machine Learning Toolkit
Microsoft Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit
IBM IBM Watson
Apache Apache Spark MLlib
Samsung Veles
Alibaba Aliyun
Yahoo CafeOnSpark
Tensorflow
 Python-based neural network framework
 Google open source project on Github
 Released November 2015
 Runs highly optimized C++ code for actual
calculations
 Higher level APIs on top of tensorflow
available, like skflow to fit within the Scikit
Learn API
Python Libraries
 Numpy
 Pandas
 Matplotlib
 Scikitlearn
 Tensorflow
kaggle.com