Pola Imunologi Janin Dalam

Kehamilan Dengan Toxoplasmosis

Khairunnisa Abd
Rauf
A.Zakaria Amien
Octo Zulkarnain
Essentials of Clinical Immunology, 6th edition, 2014
Essentials of Clinical Immunology, 6th edition, 2014
Diagnostic IgA antibody response during acquired and
congenital toxoplasmosis
• IgA antibodies were detected in 21 out of 28 (75%)
cases and IgM antibodies in 17 out of 20 (85%) cases
• IgA and IgM antibodies disappeared rapidly between
one and two months after birth, but in some cases
they persisted for a long time (24 months). Among
the 94 fetal samples corresponding to a prenatal
diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis 16 fetuses
were infected.
• IgA and IgM antibodies were detected in fetal blood
as early as week 24 of pregnancy.
CONT
• IgA antibodies were detected in some cases
with an absence of specific IgM in maternal
contamination during the second trimester of
pregnancy. The detection of specific IgM and
IgA antibodies is associated with an increase
in serum IgM (more than 15 mg/ml) and IgA
(more than 3 mg/ml).
• This shows the fetal synthesis of
immunoglobulins.
 Anti-P30 IgA antibodies as prenatal markers

• Newborns. The detection of anti-P30 IgM and

IgA anti-bodies has been compared in 46
congenitally infected and 90 uninfected
newborns
• During the acute phase of toxoplasmosis, we
detected IgA antibodies directed against P30 in
sera of all patients, sometimes later than
specific IgM but always earlier than specific
IgG.
CONT
• In congenital toxoplasmosis, anti-P30
IgA antibodies are found more frequently
than anti-P30 IgM in infected fetuses and
newborns. In relation to the progressive
development of the fetal immune system,
anti-P30 1gM and IgA detection is more
significant in the case of a late infection,
except if infection is contracted in the last
month of pregnancy
 Congenital Toxoplasmosis
1. Intracerebral calcification.
2. Chorioretinitis . Ocular toxoplasmosis
3. Hydrocephaly.
4. Microcephaly . Congenital disease
5. Convulsions.
6. Mental retardation .
7. Cardiomegaly .
 Effects of Ocular
Toxoplasmosis
Common Effects: Occasional Effects:

– Inflammation of retina – Cataracts

– Blurred vision – The eye can be small
– Floaters – Optic atrophy
– Nystagmus – Cerebral visual impairment
– Amblyopia
– Squint
HYDROCEPHALUS
CONGENITAL
TOXSOPLAMOSIS
Congenital toxoplasmosis is a problem in 1-5/1000 pregnancies

* Intracerebral calcification.
• If a woman is infected for the
first time during pregnancy the
parasite can cross the placenta
and cause fetal disease.
• Both the* probability and
severity of the disease depend
on when the infection takes
place during pregnancy.
• Early: low transmission, but
severe disease
• Late: high transmission, more
benign symptoms.
 Hydrocephaly.