OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

• Work practices, programmes and activities

INTRODUCTION
• Awareness on the occupational safety & health at the workplace
• Close relationship with accident at the workplace
• Significant impact in productivity, quality of the organization
• Cooperation with SOCSO, DOSH, NIOSH etc
THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND HEALTH
• Increased knowledge and experience on issues pertaining to workers
protection and its impact on productivity and organizational effectiveness
• Increased awareness by general public on S&H issues due to several
incident at work place
• Due to changes in government policies that taking proactive involvements
through legislation
• To reduce the number of claims filed by employees
• Organization/employers have a deeper sense of social responsibility
• Pressures from labor unions and NGO calling on employers to be more
conscious on S&H
 Chart 1 : Number of Accident Reported 2010 – 2014

Source: www.perkeso.gov.my

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Chart 2 : Number of Industrial Accidents 2010 - 2014

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Chart 3 : Number of Commuting Accidents 2010 - 2014

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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
CREATING A SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT

Investigating
and recording Safety policies
accidents

Safety
Enforcing
awareness
safety rules
programs
SAFETY POLICIES
• A statement of the organization’s commitment to providing a safe and
healthy workplace
• An explanation of who is responsible for safety in the organization
• A description of any procedures or structures which exist to
implement safe work practices
EXAMPLE OF SAFETY POLICY – HITACHI CABLE
JOHOR
• To train all employees on the importance of safety and techniques
• To continuously upgrade safety feature of our machine and
equipment
• To control the usage and handling of hazardous materials
• To develop and practice safe working procedures
• To implement systems to prevent accidents, incidents, occupational
hazards, occupational and industrial diseases at work
• To comply with all relevant government acts and regulations
SAFETY AWARENESS PROGRAMMES
• Total commitment from all level of employees
• Communicate to employees to work safely; beginning from the orientation
process, and emphasized continually
• Adequate budget, lead safety meetings and activities
SAFETY AWARENESS PROGRAMMES
 In-house training by safety managers or consultant who specialized in
safety management; first aid, accident prevention training, hazardous
material
 Public programs – NIOSH, Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
• Accident Investigation and Reporting Workshop
• Emergency Respond Plan Preparedness
• Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
• Safety and Health Committee
• Occupational Safety and Health for Supervisor
• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA)
• Compliance to Regulations Under OSHA 1994
• Compliance to Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Regulations
SAFETY RULES
• Safety campaign to increase awareness
• Forums and discussion
• Incentive and rewards
• Rewards are given to employees for achieving zero accident target
• Cash, gifts, as a motivator in shaping employee behavior
• Personal equipment
• Helmets, hard hats, ear muffs, safety boots, gloves, facemasks
• Disciplinary systems
• Infringements of rules, identified and acted
INVESTIGATING AND RECORDING ACCIDENTS
• Keeping and analysing records
• OSHA, SOCSO and Workman’s Compensation Act – require that accidents be
reported
• To investigated minor and major cases
• To examine the contributing factors
• To identify corrective actions; rearranging workstations, installing safety guards,
giving additional safety training.
CREATING A HEALTHY WORK ENVIRONMENT
• Common health hazards at work are:
• Use of organic chemicals and toxic substances
• Fumes, dust, and smoke
• Radiation
• Infection
• Noise and vibration
• Extreme temperature
• Ergonomics
• Wellness and Weight Issues
• Job Stress and Burnout
• Depression
• Alcoholism
• Drug Abuse
HEALTH HAZARDS
HOW TO HANDLE HEALTH HAZARDS
• Building better health
• Healthy employees reduced absenteeism, increased efficiency, better morale
• Pre-employment test to ensure applicant fit for the job
• Promoting workplace fitness and health
• Regular exercise, weight control and proper nutrition
• Employee assistance program
• In-house counselors or outside professional
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH (DOSH)
• For enforcement of OSHA
• compliance with Act, guidelines and codes of practices
• Formulate & review legislation, policies, guidelines & codes of
practices of OSHA
• Promotional towards safe & health work culture,
• Carry out the research on OSHA
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
1994
• The Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee)
Regulation 1996
• Organizations which employ more than five employees to draft, disseminate
and revise a safety policy.
• Hazardous industries – construction companies, gas and petroleum, chemical
industries, woodworking, cement manufacturing
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
1994
Aims
• To secure OSH of person against risk
• To protect against risk
• To promote occupational environment to meet employees
physiological & psychological needs
•
ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBILITY TO SAFETY
UNDER OSHA 1994
• Setting up Work Safety Committee under (Sec.30(1)(a) for employers
who have more than 40 employees
• Establishing work safety rules
• Ensuring that workers manning machinery are adequately trained and
follow safety instructions
• Designing work and non-work areas
ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBILITY TO SAFETY
UNDER OSHA 1994
• Strict compliance be made to legislate requirements regarding
manning safety, noise and other dangers
• Adequate insurance coverage be taken for workers through
government or private agencies
• Removing and storing hazardous products from the workplace
• Maintaining a register of accidents and monitor situation
DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
PART IV OF OSHA 1994 (SECTION 15 -19)
• To the employee & others
• Ensure safety, health, welfare at work
• Ensure necessary plant is up to the necessary standard
• Safe system, minimize operations that present danger
• Provide training and information
• Contravene/infringement – fine not exceeding RM50,000 or 2 years
imprisonment or both
WRITTEN SAFETY & HEALTH POLICY
SECTION 16 PART IV OSHA 1994
• All employers with more than 5 employees are required to formulate
a written Safety & Health Policy
• The content of the policy:
- General policy statement
- Organization
- Arrangements
• Important to be made known to employees during induction course
or job training / display in strategic place
DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES
PART VI OSHA 1994 (SECTION 24 – 27)
• S 24(1)
• (a)To take responsible care
• (b)Cooperate with employer of any person in the discharge of any duty
• (c)To wear/use protective equipment
• (d)To comply with any instructions
• Contravene – fine not exceeding RM1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3
months or both
• If intentionally, recklessly or negligently – RM20,000 or to imprisonment not
exceeding 2 years or both.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES
PART VI OSHA 1994 (SECTION 24 – 27)
• (27)
• (1a-c) 2a-c)Protection for workers in employment if they lodge a complaints,
being a committee, exercise duties from employer
• (2a-c)Protection for workers in employment if they lodge a complaints, being
a committee, exercise duties from Trade Union
• Contravene – 10,000 or 1 year or both
DUTIES OF A SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER
(SECTION 31)
• Occupier / employer to appoint Safety & Health Officer
• To advice employer
• Inspect the place of work
• Assist the employer in organizing & implementing OSH programs
• Contravene – RM 5,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both
SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE
(SECTION 30)
• S 30 of OSHA 1994, every employer shall establish a Safety & Health
Committee at workplace if there are 40 or more persons employed /
direction of Director General
• Contravene – fine not exceeding RM5,000 or imprisonment not
exceeding 6 months or both
• Functions:
- Keep review measures taken
- Investigate and resolve the problems
 WORK PRACTICES, PROGRAMMES AND
ACTIVITIES

• Workplace inspections
• Citations and penalties
• On-site consultations
• Voluntary protection programs
• Training and education
• Cooperative Programs

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 WORK PRACTICES, PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES
: NIOSH

• National Institute of Occupational Safety &

Health (NIOSH) Malaysia
 Established on December 1, 1992
 “Critical catalyst" in the promotion of occupational
safety and health
 “Backbone" to create a "self-regulating occupational
safety and health culture"
– Training
– Consultation
– Research and development
– Information dissemination – workshop, conference
– Examination

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 Work practices, programmes and activities
: SOCSO

• The Social Security Organization (SOCSO) was established in 1971 under the
Human Resources Ministry to implement and administer the social security
schemes under the Employees' Social Security Act 1969
• SOCSO’s function includes:
 registration of employer and employee, collecting contribution, processing benefit claims

 make payment to the injured worker and their dependents

 provide vocational and physical rehabilitation benefits and enhance occupational safety
and health awareness of workers.

• Providing Social Security protection by social insurance:-

 Medical care

 Cash benefits

 Rehabilitation