ENGR. STEVE ANTHONY N.

LIM
FLOW
Flow (𝑞) is the equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles
pass a point on a highway during a time period of less
than 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟.
𝑛 × 3600
𝑞= 𝑣𝑒ℎ/ℎ
𝑇
where:
𝑛 = number of vehicles passing a point in the
roadway in 𝑇 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑞 = equivalent hourly flow
DENSITY
Density (𝑘) is the number of vehicles traveling over a
unit length of highway at an instant in time.

𝑛 1
𝑘= =
𝐿 s
where:
𝑛 = number of vehicles
𝐿 = length of roadway under consideration
𝑠 = center to center spacing of vehicles
SPEED
• Time Mean Speed 𝑢ത 𝑡 - Arithmetic Mean
𝑛
1
𝑢ത 𝑡 = ෍ 𝑢𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1

• Space Mean Speed 𝑢ത 𝑠 - Harmonic Mean

𝑛 −1 𝑛 −1
1
𝑢ത 𝑠 = 𝑛𝐿 ෍ 𝑡𝑖 =𝑛 ෍
𝑢𝑖
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Headway
• Time Headway (ℎ)
- is the difference between the time the front of
vehicle arrives at a point on the highway and
time the front of the next vehicle arrives at
that same point.

• Space Headway (𝑑 = 𝑠)
- is the distance between the front of the
vehicle and the front of the following vehicle
FLOW – DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑦 × 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑢ത 𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 × 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦

𝑢ത 𝑠 = 𝑞𝑑

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦

𝑑 = 𝑢ത 𝑠 ℎ
FLOW – DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 × 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤

𝑘 = 𝑞𝑡

𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 × 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦

ℎ = 𝑡𝑠