Types Of Cooling Towers &

Ponds

Made by
Yash Trambadiya
150010119118
ME-08
 Content
• Types of cooling towers
• Terms related with cooling towers
• Cooling pond

2
 Types of Cooling Towers :
• Cooling towers cool the warm water discharged from
the condenser and feed the cooled water back to the
condenser.
• Types of cooling towers :
– Natural draught cooling towers
– Mechanical cooling towers
• Forced draught cooling towers
• Induced draught cooling towers

3
Natural Draught Cooling Towers :

4
Natural Draught Cooling Towers :

Ajaypalsinh Barad 5
 Natural Draught Cooling Towers :

Advantages :
• Its operating and maintenance costs are less since no
fans are needed.
• It creates its own draft assuring efficient operation
even when there is no wind.
•Longer life.
Disadvantages :
• High capital cost
• Performance varies with the seasonal changes

6
Forced Draught Cooling Tower :

7
Forced Draught Cooling Tower :

8
 Forced Draught Cooling Tower :

• Advantages:
• More efficient
• Problems of blade erosion are avoided
• Fan is located at ground so more safe
• Vibration and noise are less as mechanical equipments are set
on a solid foundation.
• Disadvantages :
• Fan size is limited to 4 meters
• Possibility of ice formation on fan blades in cold
weather
9
Induced Draught Cooling Tower (Counter) :

10
Induced Draught Cooling Tower (Counter) :

11
Induced Draught Cooling Tower (Cross) :

12
 Induced Draught Cooling Tower :

Advantages:
• Coldest water comes in contact with the driest air and
the warmest water comes in contact with the most air.
• The recirculation of hot humid air is not a major
problem.
• Larger fan size can be used.
• Lower first cost due to the reduced pump capacity
• Capable of cooling through a wide range.

13
 Induced Draught Cooling Tower :

Disadvantages:
• Not economical up to the capacity of 15000 liters of
water per minute.
• Higher power motor is required to drive the fan
compared to forced draught.
• Maintenance cost is high.
• Fan bearings need to be cooled.

14
 Terms related with Cooling Tower:

Fill:
• The hot water from the condenser is sprayed through
the nozzles over a series of horizontal bars called fill
or packing.

Drift:
• When the air flows from bottom to top of the cooling
tower, it carries fine water droplets along with the air.
These fine droplets of water are called drift.

15
 Terms related with Cooling Tower:

Approach (A):
• It is defined as the difference between the exit
temperature of the cooling water (tc2) and the wet
bulb temperature of the ambient air (twb).
A = tc2 - twb
Cooling range (R):
• It is the difference in temperature of the incoming
warm water (tc1) and the exit temperature of cooled
water (tc2).
R = tc1 - tc2
16
 Cooling Ponds :

• The cooling pond is one of the simplest method of

cooling the condenser water. This method is less
efficient than cooling tower.
• Types of cooling ponds:
1. Natural and Directed flow cooling pond
2. Single deck and Double deck cooling pond
3. Open and Louvre fence cooling pond.

17
Natural flow cooling
pond
Directed flow cooling
pond
Single deck cooling
pond
Double deck cooling
pond
Single deck cooling
pond
Spray pond with Louvre fence

23
Advantages:
•Initial cost is less
•Simple in design and arrangement

Disadvantages:
• Requires large area for cooling.

24