Water on the

LIFELINE
Aditi Vijay , Class 7 B
Why WATER is life????
The Importance of Water:
Agriculture:
 The most important use of water is for agriculture. Irrigation is necessary for
agriculture, and for that, water is the key component to produce food.
Drinking:
 The human body contains 50% to 78% of water according to the size of the body.
Humans need to drink 7 liters of water every day to avoid dehydration.
Health:
 It plays an important role in digestion and other biological processes that occur in
living organisms. It plays an important role in maintaining the pH of the body. It
also helps in the movement of antibodies from the immune system.
Regulator:
 It helps in regulating the body temperature. Water provides the necessary cooling
effect to the body.
Intoxication:
 Water removes harmful toxins from the body through perspiration and urination.
It prevents the buildup of wastes in living organisms.
Washing:
 It is used to make emulsions and solutions which are used for washing purposes.
FORMS Water bodies
 Lakes:
 Water is available in all three states of matter
i.e. solid, liquid and gaseous.
 In liquid form, water is in its normal state.
 Ice is the solid state of water and the gaseous
state of water is vapour.
 Water is one of the few substances which is
heavier in liquid state than in solid state.
 The process of converting water from liquid to
gas is called evaporation. And freezing is when
water changes its state from liquid to solid.
 When water changes from solid state to liquid
state, melting occurs.
 Sublimation is a process which transforms
water from solid form to gaseous form directly.
Oceans:
• vast and deep bodies of water.. The oceans are bodies
of salt water.
•Seas are also big water bodies but are definitely
smaller than oceans. They are partly enclosed by a
land mass and open into the ocean. Eg are the Red
Sea, the Black Sea, the Arabian Sea.
•A lake is a water body surrounded by land on all
sides..eg Lake Victoria, Lake Aral and the Dal Lake .
Rivers:
•Rivers are large flowing water bodies, they usually end
up in an ocean or sea.
Gulf:
•A gulf is a large area of an ocean or a sea that is
partially enclosed by land.For Example the Gulf of
Mexico.
Bay:
•A bay is a body of water, which is again partially
enclosed by land. It is a wide mouth opening of land,
where the water is surrounded by land on three sides
and is joined to the sea on the fourth side.
For example the Bay of Bengal
Lagoon:
•A lagoon is a lake separated from the open sea by
sand or rocks.
•Lake Chilika in Orissa,
Strait:
•A strait is a narrow stretch of water which joins two
larger water bodies. Eg : Palk Strait joining the Bay of
Bengal and the Indian Ocean.
 The Water cycle
 The water cycle, ( the hydrologic cycle) is the continuous
movement of water from the earth’s surface to the
atmosphere and then back to the ground.
 Thus, the water present on earth has been in circulation
since the evolution of the earth. Water goes through all the
three states, solid-liquid-gas, in the process.

The stages involved in a complete water cycle are:

 Stage I: Evaporation and Transpiration The sun’s energy
heats up the lakes, rivers, oceans, swamps and other water
bodies which subsequently increase the temperature of the
water present in them. Consequently, some of the water
evaporates as vapour into the air. The rising air currents take
the vapour up in the sky. Simultaneously, plants and trees
also lose water to the atmosphere in the form of vapour
which rises up in the sky.
 Stage II: Condensation As the vapours rise high, the cooler
temperatures make them cool down and turn back into liquid
– condensation. Wind and air currents move the moisture
around, leading to the formation of clouds.
 Stage III: Precipitation Wind movements cause the clouds
particles to collide. As they become water laden, they develop
into rain bearing clouds and fall back onto the earth’s surface
by the process known as precipitation. This may occur in the
form of rain, hail, snow or sleet depending upon the
temperature conditions.
 Stage IV: Runoff and Infiltration The precipitation either
runs off into oceans, rivers and ground surface or is
absorbed into the soil (infiltration).
 Post the last stage, water is again ready to be evaporated and
resume stage I. This is how the water cycle has been going on
for billions of years, thus bringing fresh water to people,
animals and plants, helping them survive all around the
earth.
Groundwater and Water
table

 Groundwater is the most

important source of water for
us. The water is stored under
the ground; between layers of
rocks.
 The upper limit of groundwater
at a place is called the water
table at that place.
 Water table is usually higher in
the plains but is very low in the
plateaus. This is the reason it is
easier to install a hand-pump in
the northern plains.
 On the other hand, it takes a
heavy drilling machine to install
a tube-well in the plateaus.
Depletion of Water table-
Causes
 Deforestation
Deforestation- means to clear the forest land by cutting the
trees and shrubs and converting it into a commercial or a
residential land. It has an adverse effect on the water
table. Forests transport large quantities of water into the
atmosphere via plant transpiration. As the deforestation
occurs, there is no rain in that area, flowing away as river
water and causing permanent drying.
 Over-pumping of groundwater
Groundwater is water which seeps into the ground and gets
collected. This groundwater can be obtained by drilling or
digging wells or by pumping. Over-pumping of groundwater
reduces the level of groundwater level. Excessive pumping in
coastal areas can cause saltwater to move inland and
upward, resulting in saltwater contamination of the water
supply
 Climate change causes change in frequencies of
droughts and floods.
 Pollution and contamination by sewage, agricultural
and industrial runoff
 WATER
MANAGEMENT
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and
managing the optimum use of water resources. Some of the ways to save water are
as follows :
Rainwater harvesting: is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse
on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. Collection of rainwater for future use is
called rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting can also be done in modern
homes. The runoff rainwater from the rooftop should be collected in an
underground reservoir. Such reservoirs are usually filled with sand and gravel to
filter out impurities from water. The water can either be used directly or can be
channelized to recharge the underground water.

Drip irrigation: type of irrigation which that saves water and fertilizer by dripping
water slowly to the roots of various crops, either onto the soil surface or directly
onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. This
saves more water than the traditional watering method.

Water-wise habits: There are various wise habits to conserve water. Like during
washing clothes we can utilize wise techniques to save water. Fixing leaky taps.
Keeping the tap closed while brushing, taking a quick shower instead of long baths
are a few examples of saving water.
 RESOURCES:
www.toppr.com
www.excellup.com
www.ask.learncbse.com
Do you know????
• World Water Day is celebrated on 22 March
• The amount of water recommended by the UN for drinking, washing,
cooking and maintaining proper hygiene is a minimum of 50 litres per
person per day
• Bawri was the traditional way of collecting water
• Year 2003 was observed as the International Year of Freshwater to
make people aware of this dwindling natural resource

THANK
YOU