DISASTER

READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
 Disaster
Damage Natural
Deterioration
of health
Victims
Manmade Death
Ecological
Disruption
Human
sufferings
 Disaster
Disaster can be defined as the occurrence either natural or manmade that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health
that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance

Serious disruption of the functioning of the society, causing a widespread

human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the
affected people to cope up with their own resources
Types of Disaster
Natural Man Made
Disaster Disaster

Meteorological Technological

Topographical Industrial

Environmental Security
20 Tropical
Hazards
Daily
cyclones a
Earthquake
year

Why is the Philippines the

most hazardous country
More than in the world?
20 active
volcanoes
 Hazards
 Is a situation or an occurrence with capacity to bring
damages to lives, properties, and the environment. Taking
the form of natural or manmade or the combination of the
two.
 Phenomenon or situation, which has a potential to cause
disruption or damage to people, their property, their
services and their environment.
 Types of Hazards
1. Natural Hazards
2. Human Made Hazards
3. Combination or Socio - natural Hazard
 Natural Hazards
Natural phenomena
that pose threats or
cause negative impacts
to people and property.
Human Made Hazards
This include civil conflict,
displacement due to
development projects, and
environmental degradation
Socio Natural Hazards
Simply the combination
of natural and man
made hazards.
 Vulnerability
 Is a condition or sets of condition that reduces the people’s
ability to prepare for, withstand or respond to a hazard.
 Sets of prevailing consequential condition, which adversely
affect the community’s ability to prevent, mitigate, prepare
for and respond to hazardous events.
 Who are the so – called Most
Vulnerable Sectors?
 They are the community members whose capacities are low and
not sufficient to withstand and overcome the damaging and
adverse affects of disasters.
 They are composed of farmers, the urban poor, laborers,
indigenous people, person with disabilities (PWDs), women and
children.
 In addition, they are the so – called abused sectors and the
lowest level in the society.
 Who are the so – called Less
Vulnerable Sectors?
 They are the community members whose capacities start from their
own ability to acquire material resources: skills and trainings; and
position in society
 Their capacities are higher than those in the vulnerable sectors to
overcome the adverse effects of disaster.
 They are composed of professionals, small entrepreneurs, and
others similar to those who belong to the higher level in the society.
 Their role in disaster management activities is to extend assistance
and support to vulnerable sectors
 Who are the so – called Not
Vulnerable Sectors?

 They are sectors in society having high position in the community.

 Most of the time, they are the targets of the vulnerable and less
vulnerable sectors in advocacy work relating disaster issue to the
structure and policies implemented by the government that are
the root causes of the vulnerability of the community.
 Categories of Vulnerability
According to Anderson and Woodrow (1990), there are three areas of
vulnerability.
1. Physical / Material Vulnerability
2. Socio / Organizational Vulnerability
3. Attitudinal / Motivational Vulnerability
Physical / Material Vulnerability
 Location and type of housing / building materials
 Land, water, animals, capital, other means of production (access
and control)
 Infrastructure and services: roads, health facilities, schools,
electricity, communications transport, housing etc.
 Human capital: population, mortality, diseases, nutritional status
literacy, numeracy, poverty levels
 Environmental factors: forestation, soil quality and erosion.
 Organizational Vulnerability
 Family structure (weak/ strong)
 Leadership qualities and structure
 Participation levels
 Relationship to government, administrative structures
 Decision making structures (who is left out, who is in,
effectiveness)
 Motivational Vulnerability
 Attitude toward change
 Initiative
 Faith, determination, fighting spirit
 Religious belief, ideology
 Orientation toward past, present, and future
 Capacity
 Refers to all the strengths, attributes and resources
available within a community, organizational, or society
that can be used to achieve an agreed goal.
Examples of Capacity
 Ownership of land and safe location and construction of
home
 Adequate income
 Savings
 Adequate food sources
 Local knowledge
 Family and community support in times of crisis
 Responsive local government