Run-on Sentence

Presented By:
PHEOBIE SHEELA V. CUARTOCRUZ
A run-on sentence is a
sentence where two or
more independent clauses
are joined without proper
conjunctions or
punctuations.
 Wrong: My duty was very tiring I
extended until 4 am.

 Correct: My duty was very tiring. I

extended until 4 am.
 WRITING
IN THE DISCIPLINE
PUNCTUATION MARKS
and CAPITALIZATION

Presented By:
PHEOBIE SHEELA V. CUARTOCRUZ
 PUNCTUATION
- system used in
writing to divide text
up into a series of
units.
TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS:
1. Separates units of
grammar.
2. Indicates a particular
grammatical feature.
12 PUNCTUATION MARKS

PERIOD
QUESTION MARKS
EXCLAMATION MARKS
COMMA
APOSTROPHE
SEMI COLON
COLON
QUOTATION MARKS
HYPEN
BRACKETS
DASHES
ELLIPSIS DOTS
  PERIOD

- MARK THE END OF THE SENTENCE

Sit down.

- FULL STOPS, USE IN DIN

ABBREVIATIONS

Jan.
  QUESTION MARKS

- Used at the end of the sentence

to show that the sentence is a
question.

Where are you going?

  THE EXCLAMATION MARK

- Show that the sentence is a forceful

utterance.

*For the name of places: Manila!

USED AFTER:
1. Interjections- Oh!
2. Using how or what- How brilliant he
is!
3. Expressing urgency- Run, -now!
  THE COMMA

- Equivalent to a short pause in a

speech.
- used to separate different sections of
the sentence.
 THE COMMA is USED for:

1. separate items- apple, banana, orange

2. direct address- Miss Vanessa, may I be
excused?
3. to separate YES, NO and EXCLAMATIONS-
Yes, I can!
4. for phrases in apposition- Mr. Lopez, my
teacher, has a red car.
5. between the names of places- City Hall,
Manila
  THE APOSTROPHE

- Show that a letter/ s have been

left out- for CONTRACTIONS
- I am I’m
do not don’t
- To show possession
- the girl’s pen
 Apostrophe is always placed after the
person/s , things doing the owning:
In singular- Hilda’s chair
In plural- The teachers’

NOTE: If a singular word already ends in s,

apostrophe can be omitted.

Kris’ letters
 SEMI COLON (;)

-Separate sentences which are

grammatically independent but closely linked

Ex. He went to the library; it was closed.

NOTE: (;) is used in place of COORDINATOR

(BUT)

- The weather was unsettled; grey clouds

scuttled across the sky
 THE COLON (:)
- Separate two parts of a sentence.

It is used before:
*An explanation- We abandoned the trip to
US: the dates didn’t work out.

NOTE: It is used in place of a subordinator

(BECAUSE)

*List examples- This is a dull book:

characters are unconvincing; dialogue heavy;
plot thin.
 THE COLON (:)
*Used for quotations-
As V said: “Never give up!”

*For a subtitle
(separate a main heading from a
subheading)
- Punctuation: the colon.
 QUOTATION MARKS

- aka INVERTED COMMAS and ALWAYS come

in pairs.
*Mark direct speech: ‘I am very tired,’ he
said.

*Titles of poems: ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’

*Special sense of foreign expressions in

general use:
Mark this essay using the ‘best fit’ principle
 THE HYPEN
- Main function is to link two words to form
compound words.

*link words to form compound adjective:

man-made
*link two words to form a compound noun:
machine-gun
*to separate two vowels in a compound
word:
middle-aged
 THE HYPEN

*for number compounds:

fifty-three and three-quarters

*for compounds which first element is a

single capital:
U-turn

*after a few prefixes:

ex-wife
 BRACKETS
- Used to enclose content that the writer
does not want to interrupt the flow of the
sentence.
- ALWAYS IN PAIRS

The vegetables in the garden (cabbages,

courgettes and spring onions) grew very well
this year.
 DASHES- Can be used:
a. in pairs like brackets: After the
performance- the last of the season- the
violinist retired.
b. to link a series of disconnected phrases:
The room was a terrible mess: chairs
overturned- newspapers everywhere
c. In dialogue to represent a pause, break or
hesitation:
‘I-I’m not sure’
d. indicate fixed dates:
Professor of English (2012-2015)
 ELLIPSIS DOTS
- Device in which words are left out of a
sentence for a particular effect (hesitation or
suspense)
- usually marked by three dots
- can be at the beginning, middle or end of a
sentence
Ex. …yes as I supposed
It was … Nerry
The murder weapon should be there, unless
…
 ELLIPSIS DOTS

NOTE: It is often used in POETRY to create

compact effect
CAPITALIZATION
RULES
*At the beginning of the first word in
the sentence
*for the letter I
*for the names of people and pets
*for titles of people
*for the names of places
*for nationalities and languages
*for days of the week and months of
the year
 NOTE:
Seasons and points of the compass do
not have capital letters

- for the important words in titles of

books, plays, films
- for names of holidays
-for special places, events, groups
- for initials
for documents