Agenda

• Bellringer/New seats
• Note: Unification of Italy
• Index Card addition
• Exit ticket
New Seats…
Objective

• Students will identify how Italy became unified and name the key
players by completing an exit ticket
Unification of Italy
Nationalist Movements
Remember…
• Joan of Arc, the rise of Napoleon in France and
Latin American Revolutions are all examples of
what principle?

• Need a hint?

• Pride in their country and a desire to be free….

• Nationalism!
Effects…

• Countries in Europe had a desire to become

strong, independent, proud nations with a sound
economy and common culture
Nationalism

• Pride in one’s country and a desire to be free

• Common culture

• Culture: shared interests, language, holidays,

history, and desires…

• What are some aspects of American culture we

share?
Italy…
Italy review…Break in new partner

• What are some things we already know happened

in Italy?

• Roman empire began there (and spread!)

• Major trade centers during commercial revolution
• Gateway for black death entering Europe (because of
trade)
• Renaissance began there (location and history)
Causes of Unification…

• Nationalism
• Congress of Vienna
• Napoleon
• Latin American Revolutions
Italy after
Napoleon

1815
Why unify?

• Unification: merger of politically divided but

culturally similar lands

• Italians wanted to unify their country because

they thought it made sense

• How can you unite separated areas under one

government and become one country?
Nationalist Leaders

• Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour

• Camillo di Cavour: Prime minister of

Piedmont-Sardinia (northern Italy)

• Giuseppe Garibaldi: Led army of nationalists

in southern Italy
Camillo di Cavour

Prime Minister of Piedmont-

Sardinia

King was Victor Emanuel II

Piedmont-Sardinia was located

in Northern Italy and under the
sphere of influence Austria

Nationalist
Giuseppe Garibaldi

Nationalist in Southern Italy

Accepted funds from Cavour to finance

rebellions

Leader of “red shirts”

Unified southern Italy and then handed

it over to Victor Emanuel II of the North
to unify Italy
Nationalist Leaders

• Camillo Cavour allied with France to defeat parts

of Austria so he could annex them to Italy

• While France was fighting Austria, Cavour was

secretly funding a popular nationalist in Southern
Italy – Garibaldi!
 Nationalist Leaders
• Garibaldi and his army were known as the “red shirts”
because that’s what they always wore

• Garibaldi won lots of battles and unified southern Italy,

while Cavour was fighting battles and unifying northern
Italy

• When all was said and done, Garibaldi offered southern

Italy to the King of the Piedmont (Victor Emmanuel II) thus
unifying Italy into the country we know today
Italy after
Napoleon

Camillo di Cavour

Giuseppe Garibaldi
Italy today
Index Cards/People Pile

• Create ONE index card for Giuseppe Garibaldi and

Camillo di Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour

• Nationalists who unified Italy

• Cavour = North
• Garibaldi = South

• Garibaldi led “Red Shirts”

• Example of nationalist movement

Exit Ticket – half sheet of paper

• Identify two causes for Italian unification

• Who did Cavour ally with to help fight Austria in the North?

• What was Garibaldi’s nickname in the south?

• This event is an example of what principle?

Grade them

• Identify two causes for Italian unification

• French/LAR revolutions, Congress of Vienna, Napoleon
• Who did Cavour ally with to help fight Austria in the
North?
• France
• What was Garibaldi’s nickname in the south?
• Red Shirts
• This event is an example of what principle?
• Nationalism
Unification of Germany
Objective

• Students will identify the causes and

major events of the unification of
Germany by answering an exit ticket
Germany 1815
Unification…

• What do you think inspired Germans to unify?

• Italian unification (beginnings of)

• Napoleon in France
• Latin American Revolutions
• Congress of Vienna
After Napoleon and Congress of Vienna…

• Germany was a collection of small, loose, independent states

(think a bunch of Rhode Islands)

• Congress of Vienna united some states under Austrian control so

they could surround France with stronger powers (remember the
three goals) – this was called the German Federation

• Prussia was a nemesis of Austria and they wanted to have some

control over this area as well…
Otto Von Bismarck

• Otto Von Bismarck was Prime Minister of Prussia

under Wilhelm I

• Realpolitik: “politics of reality”; tough power

politics with no room for idealism

• Realpolitik is all business, all the time

Otto Von Bismarck

Nickname: The Iron Chancellor

Earned nickname because of his no

business, both barrels style of
politics called Realpolitik and his
blood and iron speech…
“Blood and Iron”

• With the approval of King Wilhelm I, Bismarck declared

that he would rule without consent of Parliament and
without a budget

• Blood and Iron speech: (most famous)

“It is not by the means of speeches and majority

resolutions that the great issues of the day will be
decided… but by blood and iron”
Unifying under Bismarck…
• Keep your enemies close – he made an alliance with Austria to
fight Denmark and split the spoils (increased nationalism);

• Poke the bear – Seven Weeks war. Deliberately angered Austria

with border disputes. Austria declared war and Prussia spanked
them.

• Be desirable – he recognized that the remaining southern states

needed a reason to join. He started a fight with France (spread
rumors) and protected the south. They joined. Now there is a
united Prussian power – named Germany.
Germany

• Now that Germany was a unified country they

were a force to be had

• The five great powers at the Congress of Vienna

were no more – Great Britain and Germany were
hands down the world powers

• Balance of power was corrupted

What happened to Otto?

• He handed power back to King Wilhelm I (original Prussian King)

• King Wilhelm I declared himself Kaiser (emperor) of the second

Reich (empire or realm)

• Otto retired while on top and made history

Exit Ticket

• Write a paragraph in which you describe to me how Otto Von

Bismarck was able to unify Germany