CHAPTER 1

Plant Form and Function

PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Plant growth, from seed
germination to maturity, involves a
combination of cellular responses
and molecular interaction
Transport System in
Plants
The Phloem....
Plant Nutrition
When we talk about plant nutrition,we
are referring to the supply and absortion
of chemical compounds for the growth
and metabolism of plants.In order for
higher plants to sustain their metabolic
processes,inorganic nutrients are
obtained from the environment via
soil,air and water.
Elements Function in plants
Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen Major constituent of organic plant material;
assimilation of oxidation – reduction reactions
Boron Cell wall synthesis; enzymatic reactions and
metabolic pathways; mitotic activity for root
development
Calcium Structural component of the cell wall and cell
membrane; counter ion in the vacuole
Chlorine Water splitting system for photosystem II;
stomatal opening regulation
Copper Co – factor for metalloproteins and enzymes;
photosynthetic electron transport; cell wall metabolism
and hormone signaling; oxidative stress response
Iron Regulatory component of proteins and metabolities in roots
and leaves
Magnesium Chloropyll synthesis; cofactor in activation of ATPase

Manganese Photodestruction of chloropyll and chloroplast structure;

enzyme activator; precursor of amino acid,
hormones(auxins) and lignins
Molybdenum Enzyme activation(e.g nitrate reductase, catalase, and
ribonuclease); chloropyll synthesis
Nickel Endosperm development and dehydrogenase activity; urease
activation for urea breakdown; root nodule growth

Nitrogen General plant growth of roots, stem, leaf, flowers and fruits;
chloropyll synthesis

phosphorus Energy transferring process for photosynthesis and respiration (ADP-

ATP synthesis); structural component of phospholipids, nucleic acids,
coenzymes, and nucleotides
Potassium Cell extension and stomatal regulation; enzyme,activation (kinase,
starch synthase, and nitrate reductase); photosynthetic activity(e.g.,
CO2 fixation and PH regulation)
SULFUR Assimilation of oxidation – reduction reactions; participates in various
enzymatic processes

Zinc Enzymatic function and reactivity; stem elongation; protein and

starch synthesis
Plant Hormones,Responses
and Feedback Mechanism
Reproduction and Modern
Biotechnological Application
Biotechnology has advance
significantly over the previous
years that breeding crops and
mass production are now aided
by plant tissue culture and
molecular biology techniques
Genetic engineering in plants was
introduced in the 1980's to create
transgenic crops that are high-
yield and persistant. This
technology utilizes Agrobacterium
tumefaciens to randomly
introduced heterologous DNA into
plants,thereby
 Thank you for
listening!

Reported by: Mejares, Mae Antonette P.