FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE INVIDUAL

CALORIFIC NEEDS
 Total Caloric Calculation
Example 1

Mei Yee took the following food for breakfast.

- 100 g beef
- 200 g banana
- 200 g rice
- 100 g cabbage

Calculate the total calories taken.

Example 2
The information below shows the calorific value for three types food

 Capati = 3.0
 Milk = 2.7
 Orange = 2.0

A boy eats 40g chapati, 200 g milk and 50g oranges=. Calculate the calorific value in the
food.

Example Of Unhealthy Eating And Their Effect .

Unhealthy eating habits Effects
Eating too much meat and fried food which Arteries narrowed due to sedimentation of
are saturated fats and cholesterol cholesterol on the walls
Heart disease
High blood pressure
Excessive carbs and fat intake Diabetes
Eating too much junk food that are full with High blood pressure
salt and sugar Diabetes
Obesity
Poor oral health
Eating at irregular hours Stomach ulcer
Eating too fast and swallowing without Bloating
chewing properly
2.2 Nutrient Requirements in Plants
Function of Macronutrient and Micronutrient to plants
 
Macronutrient Functions
 Synthesises protein, chlorophyll, enzyme and nucleic acid
 Nitrogen  Helps the growth of branches and leaves
 Increases the production of fruits and seeds

 Synthesises protein and nucleic acid

 Phosphorus
 Promotes cell division for the production of flowers and fruits

 Synthesises protein
 Potassium  Promotes plant cell division
 Strengthens resistance to infectious diseases

 Magnesium  An important component in chlorophyll

 Synthesises spindle fibres during cell division

 Calcium
 Helps growth of meristem at tips of shoots and roots

 Synthesises protein and chlorophyll

 Sulphur  Helps development of fruits
 Promotes plant cell division

 Oxygen  Involved in plant cell respiration to produce energy

 Carbon  Builds sugar or starch during photosynthesis

 Hydrogen  Builds cellulose

Micronutrient Functions
 Synthesis chlorophyll and cell wall
 Boron
 Helps the formation of fruits and seeds

 Helps growth of young tree parts

 Iron
 Helps cell respiration

 Copper  Involved in photosynthesis and respiration

 Synthesises protein
 Molybdenum
 Helps the growth of plants

 Involved in photosynthesis and respiration

 Manganese
 Helps formation of amino acid

 Zinc  Helps synthesis of protein and formation of chlorophyll

  Helps the formation of leaves

LET’S CREATE SYNONYMS

MACRO

MICRO

Elements required in LARGE

quantities

Elements required in SMALL

quantities
WHAT IS KNOP’S
SOLUTION
A culture solution which contains all the nutrients required for the healthy growth of plants
(Experiment 2.2)

2.3 NITROGEN CYCLE

1. Nitrogen
a. required to form proteins and nucleic acids.
b. exists commonly in gaseous state
c. is 78% of air

2. Plants can only absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate ions that is dissolved in soil
water.

3. Nitrogen cycle is a natural cycle which converts the nitrogen in the air into nitrate
compounds through plants and animals.
 STEPS IN NITROGEN CYCLE
PROCESS THAT OCCURS IN THE NITROGEN CYCLE

Extract nitrates from the soil

Add nitrates to the soil
1. Nitrate ion absorption from
1. Nitrogen fixation the soil
2. Nitrification 2. Denitrification

Add nitrates to the soil

Nitrogen fixation
A. Lightning  During thunderstorm a large form of energy produced  N2 and O2 to
bind forming NO2  dissolves in rainwater to form nitric acids  reacts with soil
become nitrate compounds

B. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria  fix nitrogen gas in atmosphere into nitrate ions

 Live in the root nodules of leguminous plants such as
soya bean plants

Nitrification

Plants and animal die  decomposed into ammonium compounds  oxidised into nitrites
then nitrates  nitrification process  done by nitrifying bacteria

Extract nitrates from the soil

Nitrate ion absorption from the soil

Plants absorbs nitates from soil  make protein  animals eat plant  made protein in
their body tissue
Plant and animal die  protein  decomposed become ammonium compounds  by
bacteria and fungi  decomposition process.

Denitrification
Changes nitrates  nitrogen gas  by denitrifying bacteria  helps maintaining nitrogen
content in the atmosphere
 Importance of nitrogen cycle
 Maintaining nitrogen content in the air.
 Maintaining fertility of the soil and increasing productivity of crops
 Maintaining a continuous supply of plant proteins and animal proteins
 Reducing environmental pollution