Types of gear box

AIM OF SPEED AND FEED RATE

REGULATION
The machining cost is expressed by the equation,
C= Cmt + Cnpt + Ctc + Ct
Where
• Cmt = (W+E) tm represents the cost of machining time;
W is the wage rate , E is the cost of operating the machine tool per unit
time and tm is the machining time.
• Cnpt = (W+E) tnpt represents the cost of non-productive time;
tnpt is the total time of nonproductive operation.
• Ctc = (W+E) tc/Q represents the tool changing cost per component ;
tc is the time required for replacing a blunt tool and setting the new one
and Q the no. of components machined during the period of tool life.
• Ct = T/Q represents the cost of the tool per component ;
T is the cost of the tool for a period equal to the tool life and can be
determined as the tool lost divided by the number of permissible
regrinding.
Progressions for sliding mesh gear box
Various law of speed regulation of rpm of main drive are used for
designing gear boxes . In step regulation of speed only certain
discrete values of RPM are available on machine tool
.Different criteria are used for choosing the discrete steps.
Between two extreme available values of spindle rpm the
same number of steps may be placed in number of ways. The
various steps of RPM values will have different operating
characteristic.
There are 4 speed range distribution
• Arithmetic progression
• Geometric progression
• Harmonic progression
• Logarithmic progression
• Arithmetic progression
• Arithmetic progression based upon the idea that the
difference between the adjacent RPM values is constant.

• For a particular cutting speed which is the maximum

permissible under the selected cutting conditions, the
diameter range of work pieces that can be machined by a
particular spindle rpm value 𝑁𝑥 can be determine as follows.

Let N1 =30 , Nz=1440 , Z =12 , V=20 m/min

 Geometric progression

• In this case ration of two successive speed

steps kept same.

• In our case
• N1 = 30 ,Nz =1440, z= 12
 Harmonic progression
• Harmonic progression is developed from the idea
that diameter range served by each rpm of the
progression is equal.

• Constant C can be calculated from the above

equation if Nmin , Nmax and speed steps Z are
known. Now analyzing the same problem for
Harmonic progression law.
• N1 = 30 ,Nz =1440, z= 12
 Logarithmic progression
• In Logarithmic progression the diameter range
is function of diameter.
 RPM VALUES RATIOS
steps
Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic logaritmic Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic logaritmic
n1 30 30 30.00 30.00 5.27 1.42 1.10 1.17
n2 158.18 42.65 32.93 35.00 1.81 1.42 1.11 1.18
n3 286.36 60.65 36.50 41.38 1.45 1.42 1.12 1.20
n4 414.55 86.23 40.93 49.72 1.31 1.42 1.14 1.23
n5 542.73 122.60 46.59 60.92 1.24 1.42 1.16 1.26
n6 670.91 174.31 54.06 76.49 1.19 1.42 1.19 1.30
n7 799.09 247.83 64.39 99.08 1.16 1.42 1.24 1.35
n8 927.27 352.36 79.59 133.81 1.14 1.42 1.31 1.43
n9 1055.45 500.99 104.20 191.61 1.12 1.42 1.45 1.56
n10 1183.64 712.31 150.84 299.82 1.11 1.42 1.81 1.82
n11 1311.82 1012.76 273.05 546.60 1.10 1.42 5.27 2.56
n12 1440.00 1439.94 1438.37 1400.08
 diameters diameter differences
steps
Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic logaritmic Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic logaritmic
n1 212 212 212 212 171.79 62.89 18.87 30.28
n2 40.21 149.11 193.13 181.72 18.00 44.23 18.87 28.03
n3 22.21 104.87 174.26 153.69 6.87 31.11 18.87 25.78
n4 15.34 73.76 155.39 127.91 3.62 21.88 18.87 23.52
n5 11.72 51.88 136.52 104.40 2.24 15.39 18.87 21.25
n6 9.48 36.49 117.65 83.15 1.52 10.82 18.87 18.96
n7 7.96 25.66 98.78 64.19 1.10 7.61 18.87 16.66
n8 6.86 18.05 79.90 47.53 0.83 5.35 18.87 14.34
n9 6.03 12.69 61.03 33.19 0.65 3.77 18.87 11.98
n10 5.37 8.93 42.16 21.21 0.53 2.65 18.87 9.58
n11 4.85 6.28 23.29 11.64 0.43 1.86 18.87 7.09
n12 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.54
 Why Geometric progression
• Constant loss of economic cutting speed.
• Constant loss of productivity
• Better design features
 Initial information required for design
of speed box
• Highest out put rpm
• Lowest output rpm
• Motor rpm
• Number of steps
• Number of stages
• Range ratio Rn =Nmax/Nmin
=(Vmax/Vmin)*(Dmax/Dmin)
=Rv * Rd
Rv -: range of cutting speed
Rd -: range of work piece diameters
• Range of diameters should be selected on the
basis of statistical study of working of similar
machine tools. As per ENIMS( Machine tool
research institute)
• Rd = 4 -: covers 85 % of workpieces
• Rd = 6 -: covers 92 % of workpieces
• Typical values of Rn are
Machine tool Rn
Center lathe 40-60
Boaring machine 40-60
Milling Machine 30-50
Shaping Machine 10
Drilling Machine 15-30
Automatic lathe 08 - 10
Semi-Automatic lathe 16 - 24
Grinding Machine `01 - 10
 For geometric
progression

Hence z can be found by Rn and

Standard values of progression
ratio Recommended values of ɸ in machine tool
ɸ 40 1.06
Heavy duty machine tool and automates 1.12
ɸ 20 1.12
Large to medium size general purpose
ɸ 10 1.26 machine tool and automates 1.26
ɸ 5 1.58 Medium size machine tool
ɸ (general purpose) 1.41
20/3 1.41
ɸ Medium to small size general purpose
4 1.78
machine tool 1.58
ɸ 20/6 2
 Structural diagram and their analysis
• Suppose a speed on one shaft yields two
values on next shaft then new speed values
must lie in following range.
• imax = 2 , i min =1/4
• Hence limitation is ig max= imax/imin = 8