CHAPTER 6

FLUID FRICTION IN STEADY

ONE DIMENSIONAL FLOW
Bernoulli’s Equation
 At very low flow rates, the pressure dropper
unit length is proportional to the volumetric
flow rate to 1.0 power
 At intermediate flow rates, there is a region
where the experimental result are not easily
reproduced.
 At very high flow rate, the pressure drop per
unit length is proportional to the volumetric
flow rate raised to a power which varies from
1.8 to 2.0
 Pressure Force

 Equation Bernoulli’s
The friction factor plot relates six parameters of
the flow
 Pipe diameter
 Average Velocity
 Fluid density
 Fluid viscosity
 Pipe roughness
 The friction heating per unit mass ƒ
Persamaan Bernoulli
Persamaan Bernoulli
 The friction factor plot is a generalization of
experimental data. One should not attach too
much theoretical significance to it. So far no one
has been able to calculate friction factor for the
turbulent flow without starting with
experimental data.
 It can be easily shown that for turbulent flow
the heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer
coefficient are related fairly simply to the
friction factor f
 Steady flow in a circular pipe is one of the
simplest problem, in laminar flow, the velocity
is a one dimensional, independent of time, and
dependent on only one dimension, the radius
 The problem of laminar flow of a newtonian
fluid can be solved analytically for several
shapes. In several cases of interest can be solved
by:
1. N. De Nevers, Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers,
McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1991
2. C. J. Geankoplis, Transport Process and Unit Operations,
Edisi ke-3, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
1993
3. F. A. Holland dan R. Bragg, Fluid Flow for Chemical
Engineers, Edisi ke-2, Edward Arnold, London, 1995
4. W. L. McCabe, J. C. Smith dan P. Harriot, Unit Operations of
Chemical Engineering, Edisi ke-5, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Inc., New York, 1993
 tugas: 6.52 & 6.56