THE INTRODUCTION (REVIEW)

* - very important in establishing the cognitive setting of the

research and it involves
a. Discussing why there is a need to study the problem
b. Clarifying the important terminologies for the reader to easily
understand what the research is about
c. Establishing the degree of seriousness of the problem which has
prompted the researchers to look for solutions
* The following questions will aid researcher/s in formulating the
introduction:
1. What is the rationale of the research problem?
2. What is the setting of the research problem?
3. What is the basic literature foundation of the study?
4. How serious is the chosen research problem?
5. What is the general objective of the research problem?
6. What is the overall purpose of the research problem?
*At the end of this chapter, the students will be
able to:

*1. Differentiate the general problem from the

specific problems;
*2. compare the different types of research
questions; and
*3. formulate the general problem as well as the
*
specific problems.
* THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

* Come up with three (3) questions that the picture triggers in your
mind. From these questions, formulate a statement describing the
problem exemplified by the picture.

* Come up with three (3) questions that the picture triggers in your
mind. From these questions, formulate a statement describing the
problem exemplified by the picture.
*STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – It will be difficult to conduct
any research unless a clear problem is initially stated. Stating
the problem helps the researcher clarify various essential
elements of research such as the major variables, the general
and specific objectives, and the appropriate methodology.
*The important elements in the statement of the general
problem are:
1. Main tasks – they satisfy the question, “what to do” with the
major variables such as to associate, to relate, to assess, to
measure, to determine, etc.
2. Main or Major variables
3. Participants: subjects or respondents
4. The specific setting
5. Coverage date of the conduct of study
6. For developmental research, the intended outputs such as
an intervention program, module, policies, among others.
*The following are examples of general problem:
*1.The main problem of this research is to look into
the influence of video games and the utilization of
social media on the language proficiency of the
freshman students of Leyte National High School for
the first semester of academic year 2014-2015. The
result of this investigation will be the basis of the
formulation of the guidelines in the development,
organization and implementation of effective study
habits.
*2. The general problem of this study is: How do
student, teacher and school related factors affect
the performance of secondary students in Chemistry
Laboratory among schools in Balanga City during the
school year 2008 – 2009?
*The general problem is followed by enumeration
of the specific problems. The specific problems
are usually stated as questions that the researcher
seek to answer.
*The specific problems must meet the following
criteria:
1. They must be in question form
2. They must define the population and the sample
(that is, the respondents or subjects) of the study
3. They must identify the variables (major and
minor) being studied
4. They must be empirically tested
*Two general types of questions formulated in research
1. Non-researchable questions – are questions of value.
These are questions that are answerable by “yes” or
“no”
*Ex. Should all mothers breastfeed their babies?
* Should senior high school students taking
accountancy be good in Mathematics?
2. Researchable questions - questions of value, opinions
or policy raised to gather data. Formulating a clear and
significant questions prepares the researcher for
subsequent decision making over research design, data
collection and analysis. The basic form of a research
question involves the use of question words such as
who, what, when, where, why, how.
*TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
*Factor-Isolating Questions (“What is this?”) They are
sometimes called factor naming questions. They isolate ,
categorize, describe or name factors and situations.
*Ex. 1. What is the profile of school managers in terms of:
* 1.1 age;
* 1.2 management experience
* a. educational attainment
* b. management training
* c. home atmosphere
* d. involvement in civic and cultural organizations
* e. level of religiosity
* 2. What is the level of description of the study habits of
senior high school in terms of:
* 2.1 review time
*
*
*3. What is the extent of transactional and transformational
leadership behaviors of secondary school principals as
perceived by:
* 3.1 School Directors
*
*
*Factor Relating Questions (“What is happening
here?”).Their goal is to determine the relationship
among factors that have been identified. These are
usually questions for a non-experimental type of
research.
1. How does the study habits influence the achievement
level of the grade 11 students in their major
subjects?
2. What is the significant association between the
nature and economic status of the family and the
social status of the junior students?
*Situation - Relating Questions (“What will happen if?”) These
questions usually yield hypotheses testing or experimental
study designs in which the researcher manipulates the
variables to see what will happen.
*Ex. 1. What are the effects of the traditional methods of
teaching on the of performance of the ABM students?
* 2. How does the management procedures applied by the
store managers affect the level of customer satisfaction as
experienced by selected regular clients of Jollibee stores in
the Province of Leyte.
*Situation -Producing Questions (“How can I make it
happen?).These questions establish explicit goals for actions,
develop plans or prescriptions to achieve goals and specify the
conditions under which these goals will be accomplished.
*Ex. 1. Based on the findings, what human relation intervention
program can be adopted to enhance school effectiveness?
* 2. How can counseling services be organized to promote
family bonding among parents and elementary school pupils?
* SUMMARY
- Stating the problem helps researchers clarify the
essential elements of research which include the major
variables, the general and specific objectives and the
appropriate. .methodology.
- The statement of the problem contains the general
problem of the study which is restated with specific
details including the participants, setting, and period
covered by the study.
- The important elements in the statement of the general
problem include the following main tasks, major
variables, participants, setting, coverage, date of the
conduct of the study and the intended output/s.
*- The two general types of questions formulated in
the study include non-researchable questions and
researchable questions
*Non-researchable – questions of value w/c are
answerable by yes or no.
*Researchable questions are questions of value,
opinions or policy raised to gather data.

- Other types of research questions include

factor –isolating questions, factor-relating
questions, situation-relating questions, and
situation –producing questions.
*THANK YOU VERY MUCH …