“ONE BATH ONE STAGE DYEING OF

POLYESTER / CELLULOSIC BLENDS.”

Wasif A.I., Laga S. K. & Sarda P.S.

Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji. (India)

 INTRODUCTION
1. PROCESSING OF POLYESTER /
CELLULOSIC BLEND

2. BUFFERS

3. ONE BATH METHOD

 2. EXPERIMENTAL

Materials used

Fabric : The 62x 45 plain woven Polyester/

Viscose (67:33) blended Suiting fabric was used
for the study. Warp and Fill yarns were 16’s and
19’s respectively.
 b) Dyes used
I) Disperse Dyes:
(1) Disperse Blue 2 R,
(2) Disperse Navy Blue 3 G,
(3) Disperse blue BGF,
(4) Disperse Blue 2 RX,
(5) Disperse Rubine 3 B,
(6) Disperse Blue 2 GP,
(7) Disperse Orange TGL,
(8) Disperse Golden Yellow 2GN,
(9) Disperse Yellow Brown REL,
(10) Disperse Yellow 10 GF,
(11) Disperse Orange REL,
(12) Disperse Yellow 4 G,
(13) Disperse Red FB,
(14) Disperse Brown 3 REL,
(15) Disperse Pink 5 BN,
(16) Disperse Scarlet RR,
(17) Disperse Orange 3 R,
(18) Disperse Dark Red 2 B,
(19) Disperse Yellow 5 RX
(20) Disperse Golden Yellow GG.
 II) Reactive Dyes : C) Chemicals used :
1) Reactive Orange HE2R
1) Enzyme
2) Reactive Red M5B
3) Reactive Red HE8B
2) Caustic Soda
4) Reactive Blue M3R
5) Reactive T.Blue H5G 3) Soda ash
6) Reactive Magenta MB
7) Reactive Golden Yellow HE4G 4) Hydrogen Peroxide
8) Reactive Blue RX
9) Reactive Green HE 4BD 5) Sodium Silicate
10) Reactive Blue HE2 R
11) Reactive Blue MR 6) Non-ionic Detergent
 D) Buffers used :

1) RD – 42, 5) Sodium Acetate,

2) Urea, 6) Diammonium Phosphate,

3) Sodium formate, 7) Ammonium Chloride,

4) Ammonium Sulphate, 8) Methanol

9) Sodium Salt of Mono-Chloro Acetic Acid.

 Method
Conventional Method

Desizing Scouring

Bleaching HTHP PET dyeing

Reactive Dyeing Dyefixing treatment

 One Bath One Stage Method

Desizing Scouring Bleaching

Set HTHP bath with disperse dye,

Enter fabric and raise
reactive dye & Buffer at Room
temperature to 80°C Temperature.

Raise temperature to 130°C Cool the Bath to 80°C

and dye for 1 hour. and dye for 1 hour.

Dyefixing treatment
 TABLE NO. 1 : Effect of Buffer System on Blood Red Shade
produced by One Bath dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of K/S Value colour
No. (%) Shade Strength
(%)
1 Standard -- Blood Red 19.823 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Blood Red 16.126 89.72

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Blood Red 18.115 98.29

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Blood Red 18.033 97.776

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Blood Red 17.749 96.590

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Blood Red 19.468 98.86

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Blood Red 17.247 95.109

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Blood Red 20.228 104.390

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Blood Red 20.625 106.73

10 Methanol 1 Blood Red 22.58 108.60

11 RD-42 0.4 Blood Red 16.898 93.63

120

100

80

60

40

20
colour Strength(%)
K/S Value
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO. 2 : Effect of Buffer System on Royal Blue Shade produced by
One Bath dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Shade Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Royal Blue 18.270 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Royal Blue 11.687 90.840

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Royal Blue 16.976 98.160

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Royal Blue 16.727 97.430

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Royal Blue 16.470 95.29

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Royal Blue 17.808 99.330

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Royal Blue 16.005 94.63

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Royal Blue 18.857 102.120

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Royal Blue 19.350 104.22

10 Methanol 1 Royal Blue 21.18 112.10

11 RD-42 0.4 Royal Blue 14.779 92.450

120

100

80

60

40

20 colour Strength(%)
K/S Value
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO. 3 : Effect of Buffer System on Coffee Shade produced by One Bath
dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of Shade K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Coffee 13.18 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Coffee 11.26 88.969

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Coffee 13.310 98.554

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Coffee 13.28 96.064

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Coffee 12.49 94.811

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Coffee 13.369 99.530

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Coffee 12.210 94.064

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Coffee 13.47 100.998

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Coffee 14.54 108.828

10 Methanol 1 Coffee 14.61 110.974

11 RD-42 0.4 Coffee 11.34 90.140

120
100
80
60
40
20 colour Strength(%)
K/S Value
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

 TABLE NO. 4: Effect of Buffer System on Rust Shade produced by One Bath
dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of Shade K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Rust 12.006 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Rust 9.986 89.523

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Rust 11.289 98.450

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Rust 11.061 97.664.

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Rust 11.012 96.827

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Rust 11.957 99.488

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Rust 10.462 94.239

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Rust 12.59 101.365

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Rust 12.08 102.211

10 Methanol 1 Rust 12.19 102.34

11 RD-42 0.4 Rust 10.015 91.854

120
100
80
60
40 colour Strength(%)

20 K/S Value

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO.5: Effect of Buffer System on Maroon Shade produced by One Bath
dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of Shade K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Maroon 12.009 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Maroon 11.208 95.835

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Maroon 12.023 101.486

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Maroon 11.86 99.873

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Maroon 11.651 98.642

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Maroon 12.253 102.290

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Maroon 11.450 97.761

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Maroon 12.96 103.740

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Maroon 13.405 104.478

10 Methanol 1 Maroon 13.87 106.480

11 RD-42 0.4 Maroon 11.265 96.853

120
100
80
60
`
40
20 colour Strength(%)
K/S Value
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO.6: Effect of Buffer System on Khaki Shade produced by One Bath
dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Shade Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Khaki 12.001 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Khaki 11.009 91.709

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Khaki 11.721 98.526

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Khaki 11.718 98.265

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Khaki 11.690 97.753

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Khaki 12.0145 99.881

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Khaki 11.576 95.119

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Khaki 12.044 101.939

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Khaki 12.163 102.012

10 Methanol 1 Khaki 12.19 102.298

11 RD-42 0.4 Khaki 11.213 93.320

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO.7: Effect of Buffer System on Bottle Green Shade produced by One
Bath dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of Shade K/S Value C.
No. (%) Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Bottle Green 12.624 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Bottle Green 11.386 89.801

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Bottle Green 12.391 98.372

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Bottle Green 12.257 97.228

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Bottle Green 12.152 96.324

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Bottle Green 12.627 99.861

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Bottle Green 12.059 95.788

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Bottle Green 12.633 100.200

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Bottle Green 13.373 103.153

10 Methanol 1 Bottle Green 15.850 114.116

11 RD-42 0.4 Bottle Green 11.45 90.103

120
100
80
60
40
20 colour Strength(%)
K/S Value
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

TABLE NO.8: Effect of Buffer System on Navy Blue Shade produced by One
Bath dyeing Method.
Sr. Buffer Conc. Name of Shade K/S Value Colour
No. (%) Strength
(%)

1 Standard -- Navy Blue 12.054 100

2 Soda Ash + Urea 1 Navy Blue 11.110 93.054

3 Sodium formate + Glauber’s Salt 1 Navy Blue 12.0169 99.873

4 Ammonium Sulphate 1 Navy Blue 11.896 98.126

5 Sodium Acetate + Ammonium Sulphate 1 Navy Blue 11.678 97.270

6 Diammonium Phosphate 1 Navy Blue 12.077 100.962

7 Sodium Acetate 1 Navy Blue 11.588 97.177

8 Ammonium Chloride 1 Navy Blue 12.262 102.762

9 Sodium salt of Mono chloro Acetic acid 1 Navy Blue 12.312 102.807

10 Methanol 1 Navy Blue 12.48 102.905

11 RD-42 0.4 Navy Blue 11.270 95.771

120

100

80

60

40

20
co lo ur Strength(%)
K/S Value
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

K/S Value colour Strength(%)

 TABLE NO. 9

Effect of Buffer System on Fastness Properties of One Bath

Dyeing (Blood Red & Royal Blue Shades)
Blood Red Royal Blue
Sr. Rubbing Rubbing
Buffer Wash fastness Wash fastness
No.
fastness fastness
Dry Wet Dry Wet

1 Standard 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

2 Soda Ash + Urea 3-4 3-4 4 3-4 3-4 4

3 Sodium formate + Glaubers 4-5 4 4 4-5 4 4

Salt
4 Ammonium Sulphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

5 Sod.Acetate + Ammo. Sulphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4

6 Diammonium Phosphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

7 Sodium Acetate 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

8 Ammonium Chloride 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

9 Sod. salt of Mono chloro 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
Acetic acid
10 Methanol 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

11 RD-42 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

 TABLE NO.10 Effect of Buffer System on Fastness Properties of One Bath
Dyeing (Coffee & Rust Shades)
Coffee Rust
Sr. Rubbing Rubbing
Buffer Wash Wash
No fastness fastness
fastnes fastnes
s Dry Wet s Dry Wet

1 Standard 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

2 Soda Ash + Urea 3-4 3-4 4 3-4 3-4 4

3 Sodium formate + 4-5 4 4 4-5 4 4

Glaubers Salt
4 Ammonium Sulphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

5 Sod.Acetate + Ammo. 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4

Sulphate
6 Diammonium Phosphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

7 Sodium Acetate 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

8 Ammonium Chloride 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

9 Sod. salt of Mono chloro 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
Acetic acid
10 Methanol 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

11 RD-42 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

TABLE NO. 11 : Effect of Buffer System on Fastness Properties of One Bath
Dyeing (Maroon& Khaki Shades)
Maroon Khaki
Sr. Rubbing Rubbing
Buffer Wash Wash
No. fastness fastness
fastnes fastnes
Dr
s Wet s Dry Wet
y
1 Standard 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

2 Soda Ash + Urea 3-4 3-4 4 3-4 3-4 4

3 Sodium formate + 4-5 4 4 4-5 4 4

Glaubers Salt
4 Ammonium Sulphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

5 Sod.Acetate + Ammo. 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4

Sulphate
6 Diammonium Phosphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

7 Sodium Acetate 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

8 Ammonium Chloride 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

9 Sod. salt of Mono 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

chloro Acetic acid
10 Methanol 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

11 RD-42 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

TABLE NO. 12 : Effect of Buffer System on Fastness Properties of One Bath
Dyeing (Bottle Green& Navy Blue Shades)

Bottle Green Navy Blue

Sr. Rubbing Rubbing
Buffer Wash fastness Wash fastness
No. fastnes fastnes
s Dr Wet s Dry Wet
y
1 Standard 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

2 Soda Ash + Urea 3-4 3-4 4 3-4 3-4 4

3 Sodium formate + 4-5 4 4 4-5 4 4

Glaubers Salt
4 Ammonium Sulphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

5 Sod.Acetate + Ammo. 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4

Sulphate
6 Diammonium Phosphate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

7 Sodium Acetate 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

8 Ammonium Chloride 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4

9 Sod. salt of Mono 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

chloro Acetic acid
10 Methanol 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

11 RD-42 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

 CONCLUSIONS
Sodium salt of Mono Chloro Acetic Acid produces excellent
results.
Methanol produces economical shade in all eight compound shades.

The colour strength of shades obtained by combination of Soda

Ash & Urea is less than that of two stage dyeing methods.

One bath One Stage dyeing method saves time,energy, water &
Chemicals.

Combination of Soda Ash & Urea decreases significantly the

colour strength.

In One bath one stage dyeing method reproducibility is very high.

Two bath methods involve multiple additions of dyes, chemical and

auxiliaries whereas all chemicals are added at a time in One bath
method.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are very thankful to

Dr. C.D. Kane, Principal, Textile &
Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji for
his constant inspiration & moral
support in writing the paper.
 LITERATURE CITED
Smart fibers,fabrics and clothing , Edited by Xiaoming
Tao, Wooddhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge
England.

A.K.Jain R.M.Mittal, N.C.Mali, American Dyestuff

Reporter,March 1991, Page No. 57-61.

Dr.P.Richer, ITB. Dyeing / Printing / Finishing, June

1998, Page No. 37-52.

Rechard W. Chalk & Nelson E.Houser, Ciba-Geigy

Corp. Greensbaro N.C. 21st Canandian Textile
Seminar International Nov. 1988, Page No.17-22.