Climate Change Adaptation

RA 9729
Introduction

*Climate change
*Variability in temperature, precipitation, hydrological
cycles and ocean tides
*Vulnerability due to the adverse effect of variability
impacting on livelihood sectors like agriculture fishery
forestry
*Inequities in sectors like food, water and health especially
in developing countries
Climate change adaptation

 Climate change adaptation refers to actions that reduce

the negative impact of climate change, while taking
advantage of potential new opportunities. It involves
adjusting policies and actions because of observed or
expected changes in climate.
 Adaptation can be reactive, occurring in response to
climate impacts, or anticipatory, occurring before
impacts of climate change are observed. In most
circumstances, anticipatory adaptations will result in
lower long-term costs and be more effective than
reactive adaptations.
What is climate change ????

 Climate change adaptation is a response to global

warming and climate change, that seeks to reduce
the vulnerability of social and biological systems to
relatively sudden change and thus offset the effects
of global warming.
 Even if emissions are stabilized relatively soon, global
warming and its effects should last many years, and
adaptation would be necessary to the resulting changes
in climate.
 Adaptation is especially important in developing
countries since those countries are predicted to bear the
brunt of the effects of global warming.
Important to remember
adaptation

 Is the most viable and manageable response to climate

change
climate

 The total of all weather occurring over a period of years

in a given place. It is the average weahter condition of
that place. climate tells us what its usually like in the
place where you live
Weather

 the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as

regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.
 Is what is happening outdoor in a place at a given time
it can change a lot within a very short time. For example
it can windy at night, and sunny in the morning.
Vulnerability in developing countries

 Low human capital

 Low financial
 Low potential of employment
 Low income
 Enchance of adaptive capacity essential
Adaptation Measures

 Policy Measures
 Technological Measures
 Climate responsive change in location, activity use
 Monitoring and forecasting
 Risk sharing
Indicators of global warming:
 Heat waves, warm weather
 Ocean warming sea level rise
 Glaciers melting
 Polar warming
 Spreading disease
 Earlier spring arrival
 Range shitfs and pop. Changes
 Coral reef bleaching
 Heavy snowfalls, flooding
 Droughts and fires
Climate change and the Philippines

 Sea level rise

 Anomalies in (a) temperatur, (b) rainfall and © tropical
cyclone activity
 Which then cause impacts on others sectors: agriculture,
forests, water resources, health
How about Philippines
Demographic

 Population:76,504,077 as of 2000
 Population density: 55 persons per square kilometer as
of 2000
 Indigenous people:8%
 Poverty incidence rating:28.4% as of 2000
Economic
agricultural sector

 47% of the Philippines is agricultural land

 2/3 of the population depends on agricultural for
livelihood
 ½ of the labor force is engaged in agricultural activities
Economic
fisheries sector

 Comprises at least 5% of the gross national product

 Employs about one million fishermen and fish farmers,
mostly in the rural areas
Economic
tourism sector

 Anchor destinations: laoag-vigan,baguio-

banaue,manila,subic-
clark,Palawan,cebu.bohol,davao,bboracay
 Last 2004 the Philippines received 2.29 million visitor
with a total receipt of $1.99 billion
 Projections show that the Philippines will receive 5million
visitors with a projected receipt of 4.59 billion by 2010
Ecosystem

 Total numbers of islands:7,107 islands

 Total land area:300,000 square kilometer
 Forest cover:7,168,400 hectares
 Coastal area:36,289 kilometer, roughly equivalent to the
earth’s circumference
 Coral cover :26,000 square kilometer, 2nd larges coral
cover in the world
Biodiversity
terrestrial

 Plants:9,253, 6,091 of which are endemic

 Birds:535 identified species, 186 of which are endemic
 Mammals: 167 identified species, 102 of which are
endemic
 Reptiles;237 identified species,160 of which are endemic
 Amphiian:89 identified species, 76 of which are endemic
Biodiversity

 Freshwater
 Fishes:281 identified species, 67 of which are endemic
 Marine
 Reef fishes:915 identified species
 Coral: at least 00 scleractinian coral species 12of which
are endemic
 Mangrove; at least 30 species
Causes of Climate change
natural causes
Volcanic eruption

 A volcanic
eruption occurs when hot
materials are thrown out
of a volcano. Lava, rocks,
dust, ash and gas
compounds are some of
these "ejecta".
 Eruptions can come from
side branches or from the
top of the volcano.
Some eruptions are
terrible explosions that
throw out huge amounts
of rock and ash and kill
many people.
Ocean current

 An ocean current is any

more or less permanent
or continuous, directed
movement of ocean
water that flows in one
of the Earth's oceans.
 The currents are
generated from the forces
acting upon
the water like the earth's
rotation, the wind, the
temperature and salinity
differences and the
gravitation of the moon.
Earth orbital changes

 rbital forcing is the

effect on climate of
slowchanges in the
tilt of the Earth's axis
and shape of
the orbit (see
Milankovitch cycles).
 These orbital
changes change the
total amount of
sunlight reaching
the Earth by up to
25% at mid-latitudes
Solar variation

 Solar variations are

changes in the amount of
radiant energy emitted
by our Sun. There are
periodic components to
these variations, the
principal one being the
11-year solar cycle (or
sunspot cycle), as well as
fluctuations which are
aperiodic.
Human causes
Greenhouse gases

 a gas that contributes

to the greenhouse
effect by absorbing
infrared radiation, e.g.,
carbon dioxide and
chlorofluorocarbons.
Deforestation

 Deforestation, clear
ance or clearing is
the removal of
a forest or stand of
trees where the land
is thereafter
converted to a non-
forest use.
Coal mining

 the act, process,

or industry of extracti
ng coal from the
earth
 an excavation in the
earth for extracting
coal
burning of fossil fuels

 Fossil fuels are

hydrocarbons, primarily
coal, fuel oil or natural
gas, formed from the
remains of dead plants
and animals. ...
 The burning of fossil
fuels by humans is the
largest source of
emissions of carbon
dioxide, which is one of
the greenhouse gases
that allows radiative
forcing and contributes
to global warming.
Industrial processes

 Industrial
processes are
procedures involving
chemical, physical,
electrical or
mechanical steps to
aid in the
manufacturing of an
item or items,
usually carried out
on a very large
scale. Industrial
processes are the
key components of
heavy industry.
Agriculture

 agriculture are
interrelated processes,
both of which take place
on a global scale. Climate
change affects agriculture
in a number of ways,
including through changes
in average
temperatures, rainfall, and
climate extremes