“A DISCUSSION ON MAIN CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE

MEASURES OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN

RAJASTHAN”

PREPARED BY-
MOHAMMED IRFAN KHAN (189226165)
VISHVENDRA SHARMA (189226180)
VIKRAM CHOUDHARY (189226197)
BABULAL CHARAN (189226172)
ANIL VERMA (189226205)
SUNIL KUMAR JAIN (189226212)

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, PSC 23151, KOTA (RAJASTHAN)

BPCCHN BATCH JULY-DEC. 2018
 What are the main noncommunicable diseases?

Heart disease and stroke Cancer

Diabetes Chronic respiratory disease

 NCDs and risk factors

“Lifestyle diseases” caused by “behaviours”

 NCD deaths as a proportion of all deaths, 2012
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2014 (Year: 2012), Deaths by age group

Ages 0 – 29 Ages 30 – 69 Ages 70+

11 million deaths 20 million deaths 25 million deaths
2 million NCD deaths 14 million NCD deaths 22 million NCD deaths

Largely
preventable
deaths

NCDs and nutritional Infectious and parasitic diseases, Maternal and

Injuries
conditions respiratory infections neonatal conditions
 NCDs are not a "rich country" problem
The proportion of people who die prematurely from NCDs
is highest in poorest countries

Low-income

Lower middle-income

Upper middle-income

High-income

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Deaths from NCDs before the age of 70 as a percentage of total deaths from NCDs

Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2014 (Year: 2012), Deaths by age group
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
By 2030:
 Target : Reduce by one third
premature mortality from
NCDs by prevention,
treatment and promoting
mental health and well-
being
Guidance provided by the WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020

Vision:
A world free of the avoidable
burden of NCDs

Goal:
To reduce the preventable and
avoidable burden of morbidity,
mortality and disability due to
NCDs by means of multisectoral
collaboration and cooperation at
national, regional and global
levels
Where to focus: 9 global NCD targets to be attained by 2025 (against a 2010 baseline)
A 25% relative
reduction in
A 25% relative reduction in At least a 10% A 10% relative prevalence of
risk of premature mortality relative reduction in raised blood
from cardiovascular disease, reduction in prevalence of pressure or
cancer, diabetes or chronic the harmful insufficient contain the
respiratory diseases use of alcohol physical activity prevalence of
raised blood
pressure

An 80%
A 30% relative At least 50%
availability of
reduction in A 30% of eligible
the affordable
prevalence of relative people
basic
current tobacco reduction in receive drug
technologies
use mean therapy and
and essential
Halt the rise population medicines, incl. counselling
in diabetes intake of generics, to prevent
and obesity salt/sodium required to heart attacks
treat NCDs and strokes
WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020

Best buys
Tobacco
• Reduce affordability of tobacco products by
increasing tobacco excise taxes
• Create by law completely smoke-free environments
in all indoor workplaces, public places and public
transport
• Warn people of the dangers of tobacco and tobacco
smoke through effective health warnings and mass
media campaigns
• Ban all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and
sponsorship
Harmful use of alcohol
• Regulate commercial and public availability of
alcohol
• Restrict or ban alcohol advertising and promotions
• Use pricing policies such as excise tax increases on
alcoholic beverages
WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020

Best buys
Diet and physical activity
• Reduce salt intake
• Replace trans fats with polyunsaturated fats
• Implement public awareness programmes on diet
and physical activity
• Promote and protect breastfeeding
Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes
• Drug therapy and counselling to individuals who
have had a heart attack or stroke and to persons
with high risk of a cardiovascular event in the next
10 years
• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for people at risk of
suffering an acute myocardial infarction (heart
attack)
WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020

Best buys
Cancer
• Prevention of liver cancer through hepatitis B
immunization
• Prevention of cervical cancer through screening
and timely treatment of pre-cancerous lesions
 10 Progress Monitoring Indicators

Adoption of national NCD targets and

1 indicators

2 Mortality data

3 Risk factor surveys

4 National integrated NCD strategy/action plan

5 Tobacco demand-reduction measures

taxation  smoke-free policies  health warnings  advertising bans
 10 Progress Monitoring Indicators

Harmful use of alcohol reduction measures

6 availability regulations  advertising and promotion bans  pricing policies

Unhealthy diet reduction measures

7 salt/sodium policies  saturated fatty acids and trans-fats policies 
marketing to children restrictions  marketing of breast-milk substitutes
restrictions

8 Public awareness on diet/physical activity

9 Guidelines for the management of major NCDs

10 Drug therapy/counselling for high-risk persons

 Actions for alcohol

Global Strategy on the harmful use of alcohol

• Regulating and restricting availability of alcoholic
beverages
• Reducing demand through taxation and pricing
mechanisms
• Regulating the marketing of alcoholic beverages;
• Enacting appropriate drink-driving policies
• Raising awareness and support for effective
policies
• Implementing screening programmes and brief
interventions for hazardous and harmful use of
alcohol
Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
The Global Strategy on Diet, Physical
Activity and Health (DPAS) implementation
toolkit includes:

• A Framework to monitor and evaluate

implementation
• Global recommendations on physical
activity for health
• Guide for population-based approaches
to increasing levels of physical activity
• Recommendations on the marketing of
food and non-alcoholic beverages to
children
• Population-based prevention strategies
for childhood obesity
• Reducing salt intake in populations
• School policy framework
• Preventing noncommunicable diseases in
the workplace

http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/implementation/toolbox/en/
WHO Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity

who.int/end-childhood-obesity/final-report
 WHO brings diabetes into the public eye

World Health Day - 22 March 2016

http://www.who.int/campaigns/world-health-day/2016/en