Review

Subduction
• An event in
which a slab of
rock thrusts into
the mantle.
Which crust subducts into the mantle
because of its high density?

A. Continental crust C. All of these

B. Oceanic crust D. None of these
Using the triangulation method, which
series of steps are followed to locate
the earthquake’s epicenter?
• I. Determine the difference in the arrival of time
(Td) of P and S waves
• II. Get the data from the identified seismic
stations.
• III. Draw circles from the stations to the
epicentral distances.
• IV. Determine the distance of the epicentral
distances from the station.
• V. Triangulate or find the intersection of the
circles drawn.
Plate A converges with Plate B. Plate A
undergoes subduction process due to
the collision. Which of the following
statements is most probable?
• A. The colliding edges are oceanic.
• B. Plate A is oceanic while Plate B is
continental.
• C. Plate A is continental while Plate B is
oceanic.
• D. Plate B is denser compare to that of Plate A
 Molten materials added to the
asthenosphere are coming from the
__________.

A. subducting edge of plate

B. solidified materials of the lithosphere
C. solidified lava from the mid-oceanic ridge
D. rising molten elements from the core
 What type of plate boundary is the
Himalayas mountain range which is
situated in South Africa?

A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Subduction
D. Transform
 Formation of Philippines

Convergence- Philippine Sea Plate (Philippine Mobile

Belt) and Eurasian Plate (Sundaland Block: Palawan,
Mindoro, Zamboanga Peninsula)
 Mid Oceanic Ridge
• An example of
spreading center
which causes the
divergence of
South American
plate and African
plate.
Why does Earth’s size remain the same
in spite of the movement of plates
away from each other?
a. There is no production of new ocean floor in the
mid-Oceanic ridge.
b. The old seafloors are not destroyed at the
subduction zone.
c. The sizes of the continents and ocean crusts are
constant.
d. The production of crust in the mid-Ocean Ridge
is balanced by the destruction of old seafloor at
the subduction zone.
 Hot spot
a concentration
of heat in the
mantle capable
of creating
magma.
 Which of the following statements
provide an explanation about the
absence of P or S wave in the shadow
zone?
• A. P waves are absorbed and
S waves are refracted by
Earth’s outer core.
• B. P waves are refracted and S
waves are absorbed by Earth’s
outer core.
• C. Both P waves and S waves
are absorbed by Earth’s outer
core.
• D. Both P waves and S waves
are refracted by Earth’s outer
core
 Asthenosphere
Soft, weak upper
portion of the
mantle where the
lithospheric
plates float and
move around.
 Convection Current
• Current in the
mantle because of
the heat from the
inner layers of the
Earth and is the
force that drives the
plates to move
around.
 Continental Drift Theory

• States that all the

continents were
once one large
landmass that
broke apart and
where the pieces
moved slowly to
their current
locations.
 Magnetic Reversal
The Earth’s
magnetic field is a
dipole, one that
has a North pole
and a South pole.
Magnetic Reversal